Composição E Diversidade De Anuros Na Restinga Do Município De Conde, Litoral Norte Do Estado Da Bahia, Nordeste Do Brasil

The Conde municipality is located in the northern coast of the state of Bahia (NC), northeastern Brazil, and is part of the Atlantic Tropical domain. The anuran fauna of the northern portion of the NC is still poorly known if compared to the southern portion. The Restinga is one of the predominant environments of the coastal plains of the NC and it is characterized essentially by presenting sandy soil covered by herbaceous and shrubby vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine the anuran species composition and diversity for the Restinga of the Conde municipality. Sampling was carried out at night by active search over four periods of five consecutive days each, two over the ‘main rainy season’ and two in a ‘lesser rainy season’, using 14 sample units (SUs) and five extra sample plots (EPs). We calculated dominance and species diversity using the Berger-Parker and Shannon-Wiener H’ indices, respectively. We used accumulation curves and the Jackknife 1 estimator to estimate anuran species richness, considering only the data obtained from the SUs. We recorded 713 anuran specimens distributed within 33 species, 13 genera and five families (Bufonidae, Craugastoridae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae and Microhylidae). The Hylidae and Leptodactylidae families had the highest species richness. Considering only the SUs (Jackknife 1 estimator in brackets), we recorded 28 species in the study area (33.9 ± 2.3), 13 in Shrubby Vegetation Zones-SVZ (20.8 ± 2.9) and 25 in Freshwater Wetland Zones-FWZ (28.9 ± 1.9). The abundance and species diversity of the FWZ (n = 638 specimens; H’= 2.4) were higher than those recorded for the SVZ (n = 52 specimens; H’ = 1.9). The SVZ and FWZ showed distinct dominant species, wherein Pristimantis paulodutrai was the dominant species in SVZ and Scinax fuscomarginatus in FWZ. The Restinga of the Conde municipality stands out as the one with the highest anuran species richness already recorded considering only SVZ and FWZ. Moreover, its anuran species composition represented 55% of the anuran species known for the NC and included taxa common to three different morphoclimatic domains (Tropical Atlantic, Cerrado and Caatinga). © 2016, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. All rights reserved.16

Atividade gastroprotetora do extrato etanólico de Pavonia alnifolia A.St.-Hil.

RESUMO No Brasil, a família Malvaceae está representada por aproximadamente 200 espécies e algumas foram descritas como gastroproteroras. Pavonia alnifolia A.St.-Hil. (Malvaceae) foi selecionada após uma abordagem quimiossistemática, considerando-se sua potencial capacidade em prevenir lesões gástricas. Assim, a atividade gastroprotetora do extrato etanólico de caules de P. alnifolia foi avaliada utilizando o modelo de indução aguda da lesão gástrica por etanol acidificado em camundongos. Além disso, foram quantificados o teor de flavonóides, pelo método de cloreto de alumínio, e de polifenóis, pelo método Folin-Ciocalteu, uma vez que a relação desses componentes com a proteção gástrica foi evidenciada. Os ensaios apontaram redução acentuada das lesões gástricas em camundongos tratados com o extrato da planta em todas as doses ensaiadas (10, 100 e 300 mg/kg). Esse efeito pode estar relacionado com a presença de polifenóis, cujo teor encontrado foi 74,3 ± 7,5 μg equivalente de pirogalol/mg do material vegetal examinado e 82,7 ± 7,1 μg equivalente de pirogalol /mg da amostra no extrato preparado por percolação e teor de flavonoides totais, que por sua vez apresentou um resultado de 17,1 ± 1,4 μg/mg de extrato. O extrato apresentou proteção da mucosa gástrica e este efeito pode estar relacionado à presença dos polifenóis e flavonóides encontrados

The chronic blockade of angiotensin I-converting enzyme eliminates the sex differences of serum cytokine levels of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Sex hormones modulate the action of both cytokines and the renin-angiotensin system. However, the effects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) on the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are unclear. We determined the relationship between ACE activity, cytokine levels and sex differences in SHR. Female (F) and male (M) SHR were divided into 4 experimental groups each (n = 7): sham + vehicle (SV), sham + enalapril (10 mg/kg body weight by gavage), castrated + vehicle, and castrated + enalapril. Treatment began 21 days after castration and continued for 30 days. Serum cytokine levels (ELISA) and ACE activity (fluorimetry) were measured. Male rats exhibited a higher serum ACE activity than female rats. Castration reduced serum ACE in males but did not affect it in females. Enalapril reduced serum ACE in all groups. IL-10 (FSV = 16.4 ± 1.1 pg/mL; MSV = 12.8 ± 1.2 pg/mL), TNF-α (FSV = 16.6 ± 1.2 pg/mL; MSV = 12.8 ± 1 pg/mL) and IL-6 (FSV = 10.3 ± 0.2 pg/mL; MSV = 7.2 ± 0.2 pg/mL) levels were higher in females than in males. Ovariectomy reduced all cytokine levels and orchiectomy reduced IL-6 but increased IL-10 concentrations in males. Castration eliminated the differences in all inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6 and TNF-α) between males and females. Enalapril increased IL-10 in all groups and reduced IL-6 in SV rats. In conclusion, serum ACE inhibition by enalapril eliminated the sexual dimorphisms of cytokine levels in SV animals, which suggests that enalapril exerts systemic anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive effects

Antibacterial activity of Lamiaceae plant extracts in clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant bacteria

ABSTRACT The antibacterial activity of plant extracts of the Lamiaceae family was evaluated against clinical isolates of multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria by broth microdilution technique. Promising results were obtained considering that all extracts were active for at least two bacterial species with MIC ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/mL

Seqüência Latossolo Amarelo - Podzólico Amarelo - Areias Quartzosas sob material da formação barreiras na região de Tucuruí, estado do Pará Oxisol-Ultisol-Entisol sequence developed from clayey material near Tucuruí region, Pará state, Brazil

Estudou-se uma seqüência de Latossolo Amarelo-Podzólico Amarelo-Areia Quartzosa desenvolvida em sedimentos da Formação Barreiras. A área se localiza no sul do Pará, nas proximidades entre Tucuruí e o Rio Moju, distando 65km da Usina Hidroelétrica de Tucuruí. Foi escolhida uma encosta de aproximadamente 1500 metros formada por Latossolo na parte alta e Podzólico Amarelo na encosta, ambos argilosos, terminando em amplo vale de fundo arenoso, com forte hidromorfísmo. Os regimes de temperatura são isohipertérmico e hipertérmico e os de umidade ústico e áquico, nas partes elevadas e fundo do vale, respectivamente. Foram abertas quatro trincheiras ao longo da encosta e feitas oito tradagens para apoio. O material de origem é representado pela caolinita. Verificou-se que a diferenciação lateral dos solos: Latossolo Amarelo na parte alta, Podzólico Latossólico na encosta e Areia Quartzosa no fundo do vale, pode ser devida principalmente a processos de remoção e/ou destruição de finos (argila silicatada + óxidos). O encharcamento temporário e a gleização acentuada, exerceram papel preponderante na diferenciação da seqüência estudada.<br>The objective of this work was to study the genesis of an Oxisol-Ultisol-Entisol sequence, developed from sediments of the Barreiras Formation in the Tucurui region. The area is located about 65 km from Tucurui. In this area a soil topo sequence was selected, represented by a clayey oxisol in the higher parts, a clayey ultisol in the middle part, ending in an ample valley of sandy botton, with strong hidromorphism. The temperature regimes are isohyperthermic and hyperthermic and the moisture regimes are udic and aquic, in the higher parts and valley botton, respectively. Four profiles were examined and auger samples were taken in eight representative sites. The parent material is represented by clayey sediments from the Barreiras Formation. Chemically, the soils are leached with high aluminum saturation, dominated by kaolinite clay minerals. In the higher parts of the sequence the textura! gradient is similar and the iron oxides are mainly in crystalline forms. Downslope the textural gradient increases and the iron forms are less crystalline. At the valley botton the process of the fine fraction loss (also due to the hydromorphism) is completed remaining a sandy deep mantle. The iron oxides dissapear, remaining the kaolinite in smaller proportion. The soil sequence evolution may probably be developed by the degradation of the latossolic clayey material of the higher portions of the landscape

Correlação linear e espacial entre a produtividade de forragem, a porosidade total e a densidade do solo de Pereira Barreto (SP) Linear and spatial correlations between forage yield, total porosity and bulk density in Pereira Barreto, Brazil

Em relação aos sistemas de manejo adotados pelo homem, a porosidade total e a densidade do solo são atributos ativamente alterados, refletindo decisivamente sobre a produtividade vegetal agrícola. No ano agrícola de 2005, na Fazenda Bonança, no município de Pereira Barreto, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foram analisadas a produtividade de forragem do milho outonal (MSF) no sistema plantio direto irrigado, a porosidade total (PT) e a densidade do solo (DS) em profundidade, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. O objetivo foi estudar a variabilidade e as correlações lineares e espaciais entre os atributos da planta e do solo, visando selecionar um indicador da qualidade física do solo de boa representatividade para produtividade da forragem. Foi instalada a malha geoestatística, para coleta de dados do solo e planta, contendo 125 pontos amostrais, numa área de 2.500 m². Os atributos estudados, além de não terem variado aleatoriamente, apresentaram variabilidade dos dados entre média e baixa e seguiram padrões espaciais bem definidos, com alcance entre 6,8 e 23,7 m. Por sua vez, a correlação linear entre o atributo da planta e os do solo, em razão do elevado número de observações, foi baixa. As observações de melhor correlação com a MSF foram a DS1 e a PT1. Entretanto, do ponto de vista espacial, houve excelente correlação inversa entre a MSF e a DS1, assim como entre a DS1 e a PT1. Nos sítios onde a DS1 aumentou (1,45-1,64 kg dm-3) a MSF variou entre 11.653 e 14.552 kg ha-1; já naqueles onde diminuiu (1,35-1,45 kg dm-3) a MSF, ficou entre 14.552 e 17.450 kg ha-1. Portanto, a densidade global, avaliada na camada de 0-0,10 m (DS1), apresentou-se como satisfatório indicador da qualidade física do solo de Pereira Barreto (SP), quando destinado à produtividade de forragem do milho outonal.<br>Total porosity and bulk density are strongly affected by soil management, which is reflects directly in agricultural productivity. In 2005, plant attributes were analyzed in an irrigated fall corn crop under no-tillage besides some soil characteristics (total porosity-TP and bulk density-BD), in a Haplic Acrustox on the Fazenda Bonança (Dahma Agricultural Company) in Pereira Barreto County, Sao Paulo State, Brazil (20 &deg; 40 ' 12 '' latitude S; 51 &deg; 01 '50 '' longitude W). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the variability, and linear and spatial correlations among the attributes (plant and soil) in order to identify an indicator of soil physical quality for corn forage productivity (CPF) . A geostatistical grid was installed to collect soil and plant data, with 125 sample points, over an area of 2.500 m². The studied attributes did not vary randomly and the variability was medium to low, with well defined patterns. The spatial range varied between 6.8 and 23.7 m. On the other hand, the linear correlations between the CPF with the soil attributes (TP and BD) were low due to the high data number. BD1 and TP1 were best correlated with the CPF. However, concerning the spatial variability, the inverse correlations between CPF and BD1, as well as between BD1 and TP1 were excellent. The BD1 increased (1.45-1.64 kg dm-3) when the CPF varied from 11.653 to14.552 kg ha-1. At the sites where bulk density decreased (1.35-1.45 kg dm-3) the CPF varied from 14.552 to17.450 kg ha-1. Thus, the bulk density in the 0-0.10 m soil layer proved to be a satisfactory index of the soil physical quality regarding forage yield of fall corn