Trophic status of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii influences the impact of iron deficiency on photosynthesis

To investigate the impact of iron deficiency on bioenergetic pathways in Chlamydomonas, we compared growth rates, iron content, and photosynthetic parameters systematically in acetate versus CO2-grown cells. Acetate-grown cells have, predictably (2-fold) greater abundance of respiration components but also, counter-intuitively, more chlorophyll on a per cell basis. We found that phototrophic cells are less impacted by iron deficiency and this correlates with their higher iron content on a per cell basis, suggesting a greater capacity/ability for iron assimilation in this metabolic state. Phototrophic cells maintain both photosynthetic and respiratory function and their associated Fe-containing proteins in conditions where heterotrophic cells lose photosynthetic capacity and have reduced oxygen evolution activity. Maintenance of NPQ capacity might contribute to protection of the photosynthetic apparatus in iron-limited phototrophic cells. Acetate-grown iron-limited cells maintain high growth rates by suppressing photosynthesis but increasing instead respiration. These cells are also able to maintain a reduced plastoquinone pool

Microalgae as second generation biofuel. A review

International audienc

Peranan Guru Agama Sebagai Da'i Dalam Aktivitas Keagamaan Di SMA Islamic Village, Tangerang Banten

Buku ini membahas tentang arkeologi kemanusiaan atau arkeologi humainiora.xvi, 188 hlm.: ilus.; 24 cm

Skeptisme Profesional Auditor dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Emotional Intelligence terhadap Pendeteksian Kecurangan (Inspektorat Provinsi Sulawesi Barat)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh yang diberikan oleh emotional intelligence terhadap pendeteksian kecurangan yang dimoderasi oleh sikap skeptisme profesional auditor. Pendeteksian kecurangan merupakan tindakan yang diambil oleh seorang auditor untuk menemukan kecurangan yang telah atau sedang terjadi. Dalam kegiatan pendeteksian kecurangan, auditor memulai dengan mengidentifikasi bukti-bukti yang menjadi petunjuk kemungkinan adanya kecurangan. Objek penelitian adalah auditor Inspektorat Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Barat. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 37 orang auditor. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode sensus, yaitu seluruh populasi dijadikan sebagai sampel dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik statistik dengan model Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) dengan menggunakan alat bantu aplikasi SMART PLS. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa emotional intelligence berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendeteksian kecurangan. Adapun hasil pengujian variabel moderasi menunjukkan bahwa emotional intelligence berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendeteksian kecurangan yang dimoderasi oleh skeptisme profesional auditor. Kata kunci: Kecerdasan Emosional, Skeptisme Profesional Auditor, Pendeteksian Kecurangan

Bone marrow stromal proteoglycans regulate megakaryocytic differentiation of human progenitor cells.

Adherence of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) to stroma is an important regulatory step in megakaryocytic differentiation. However, the mechanisms through which megakaryocytic progenitors are inhibited by stroma are poorly understood. We examined the role of sulfated glycoconjugates, such as proteoglycans (PGs), on human bone marrow stroma (hBMS). To this end, PG structure was altered by desulfation or enzymatic cleavage. PGs participated in adhesion of human HPC, as desulfation resulted in about 50% decline in adhesion to hBMS. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) were found to be responsible by showing about 25% decline in adhesion after pre-incubation of HPC with heparin and about 15% decline in adhesion after enzymatic removal of HSPGs from hBMS. Furthermore, PGs were involved in binding cytokines. Both desulfation and enzymatic removal of stromal HSPGs increased release of megakaryocytopoiesis-inhibiting cytokines, that is, interleukin-8 (IL-8, 1.9-fold increase) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha, 1.4-fold increase). The megakaryocytic output of HPC grown in conditioned medium of desulfated stroma was decreased to 50% of the megakaryocytic output in CM of sulfated stroma. From these studies, it can be concluded that PGs in bone marrow, in particular HSPGs, are involved in binding HPC and megakaryocytopoiesis-inhibiting cytokines. Bone marrow stromal PGs thus reduce differentiation of HPC toward megakaryocytes

Intranodal vaccination with mRNA-optimized dendritic cells in metastatic melanoma patients

Autologous dendritic cell (DC) therapy is an experimental cellular immunotherapy that is safe and immunogenic in patients with advanced melanoma. In an attempt to further improve the therapeutic responses, we treated 15 patients with melanoma, with autologous monocyte-derived immature DC electroporated with mRNA encoding CD40 ligand (CD40L), CD70 and a constitutively active TLR4 (caTLR4) together with mRNA encoding a tumor-associated antigen (TAA; respectively gp100 or tyrosinase). In addition, DC were pulsed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) that served as a control antigen. Production of this DC vaccine with high cellular viability, high expression of co-stimulatory molecules and MHC class I and II and production of IL-12p70, was feasible in all patients. A vaccination cycle consisting of three vaccinations with up to 15×10(6) DC per vaccination at a biweekly interval, was repeated after 6 and 12 months in the absence of disease progression. mRNA-optimized DC were injected intranodally, because of low CCR7 expression on the DC, and induced de novo immune responses against control antigen. T cell responses against tyrosinase were detected in the skin-test infiltrating lymphocytes (SKIL) of two patients. One mixed tumor response and two durable tumor stabilizations were observed among 8 patients with evaluable disease at baseline. In conclusion, autologous mRNA-optimized DC can be safely administered intranodally to patients with metastatic melanoma but showed limited immunological responses against tyrosinase and gp10