Metabolic Activity in the Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues by FDG-PET/CT in Obese Patients

INTRODUCTION: The emerging role of the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the study of the metabolic activity and inflammation in adipose tissue indicates that it might be a reliable tool to complement the risk stratification in obesity. The aims of this study were the evaluation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by visceral adipose tissues and subcutaneous adipose tissues and to determine eventual differences in patients with and without obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of adult patients who underwent whole body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/ computed tomography scanning between July and August of 2016. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: SPSS™ software v.20. Statisticalsignificance: p < 0.05. RESULTS: We assessed fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans from 156 patients (58.3% of males) with a mean age of 61.0 ± 14.1 years. Half of the patients had a body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 and 15.4% (n = 24) were obese. In both groups, the mean 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was higher in visceral adipose tissues. There were no differences in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in visceral adipose tissues between the groups. Obese patients had lower density of adipose tissue,both in subcutaneous adipose tissues and in visceral adipose tissues. Abdominal circumference and density of visceral adipose tissueshad a positive predictive value in the mean 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in visceral adipose tissues. Discussion: Through a non-invasive test, this study demonstrated a significant higher metabolic activity in visceral adipose tissues in both obese and non-obese patients. According to our results, abdominal circumference was an important determinant in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in visceral adipose tissues. We also demonstrated that obese patients had differences in adipose tissue quality. CONCLUSION: Our findings reinforce the importance of the adipose tissue quality and distribution for metabolic risk stratification.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Insulin secretion several years after type 1 diabetes diagnosis – case reports

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Diabetes Mellitus – Abordagem Holística

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ketamine induction of p53-dependent apoptosis and oxidative stress in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

Ketamine is a widely used pharmaceutical that has been detected in water sources worldwide. Zebrafish embryos were used in this study to investigate the oxidative stress and apoptotic signals following a 24h exposure to different ketamine concentrations (0, 50, 70 and 90 mg L-1). Early blastula embryos (∼2 h post fertilisation-hpf) were exposed for 24 h and analysed at 8 and 26 hpf. Reactive oxygen species and apoptotic cells were identified in vivo, at 26 hpf. Enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), glutathione levels (oxidised (GSSG) and reduced (GSH)), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyls (CO)) as well as oxidative stress (gclc, gstp1, sod1 and cat), apoptosis (casp3a, casp6, casp8, casp9, aifm1 and tp53) and cell proliferation (pcna) related-genes were evaluated at 8 and 26 hpf. Caspase (3 and 9) activity was also determined at both time-points by colorimetric methods. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione levels (GSSG), caspase-9 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to be affected by ketamine exposure while in vivo analysis showed no difference in ROS. A significant up-regulation of superoxide dismutase (sod1) and catalase (cat) genes expression was also perceived. Ketamine-induced apoptosis was observed in vivo and confirmed by the apoptotic-related genes up-regulation. The overall results suggest that ketamine induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through the involvement of p53-dependent pathways in zebrafish embryos which could be important for the evaluation of the overall risk of ketamine in aquatic environments.This work was supported by European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI– Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028683 and National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the projects PTDC/CVT-WEL/4672/2012 and UID/AGR/04033/2013 and by individual funding provided by postdoctoral fellowship SFRH/BPD/103006/2014 issued by FCT

Clinical and histological differences of papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis

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Disfunção tiroideia em idosos

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Universal vs. risk-factor-based screening for gestational diabetes-an analysis from a 5-Year Portuguese Cohort

PURPOSE: The criteria to screen for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus are not internationally consensual. In opposition to the universal screening performed in Portugal, certain countries advocate a risk-factor-based screening. We aim to compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with and without risk factors treated for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. METHODS: Retrospective and multicentric study of 12,006 pregnant women diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus between 2011 and 2015, in Portugal. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus was diagnosed according to the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. RISK FACTORS: body mass index > 30kg/m2, history of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, history of macrossomic newborn (birth weight > 4000 g) or first-degree relatives with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: lack of data concerning risk factors (n = 1563). RESULTS: At least one risk factor was found in 68.2% (n = 7123) pregnant women. Pregnant women with risk factors were more frequently medicated with insulin (p < 0.001), caesarean section was more commonly performed (p < 0.001), their newborns were more frequently large-for-gestational-age (p < 0.001) and neonatal morbidity was higher (p = 0.040) in comparison to pregnant women without risk factors. The Diabetes Mellitus reclassification test showed an increased frequency of intermediate hyperglycaemia and Diabetes Mellitus in women with risk factors (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Almost one-third of pregnant women would have remained undiagnosed if risk-based-factor screening were implemented in Portugal. Women without risk factors presented fewer obstetric and neonatal complications. However, more than one third required insulin therapinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Abordagem terapêutica e taxas de remissão na acromegalia – um estudo retrospetivo

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio