40 research outputs found
Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors associated with non-typhoidal Salmonella on Ugandan layer hen farms
Abstract Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are among the leading global foodborne pathogens and a significant public health threat. Their occurrence in animal reservoirs and their susceptibilities to commonly used antimicrobials are poorly understood in developing countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, determine antimicrobial susceptibility and identify risk factors associated with NTS presence in laying hen farms in Uganda through a cross-sectional study. Results Pooled faecal samples were collected from 237 laying hen farms and these were analysed for NTS following standard laboratory procedures. In total, 49 farms (20.7%; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 15.6–25.6%) were positive for NTS presence. Altogether, ten Salmonella serotypes were identified among the confirmed 78 isolates, and the predominant serotypes were Salmonella Newport (30.8%), S. Hadar (14.1%), S. Aberdeen (12.8%), S. Heidelberg (12.8%), and S. Bolton (12.8%). Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance was detected in 45(57.7%) of the isolates and the highest resistance was against ciprofloxacin (50.0%) followed by sulphonamides (26.9%) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (7.7%). Resistance was significantly associated with sampled districts (p = 0.034). Resistance to three or more drugs, multi-drug resistance (MDR) was detected in 12 (15.4%) of the isolates, 9 (75%) of these were from Wakiso district. A multivariable logistic model identified large farm size (OR = 7.0; 95% CI: 2.5–19.8) and the presence of other animal species on the farm (OR = 5.9; 95% CI: 2.1–16.1) as risk factors for NTS prevalence on farms. Having a separate house for birds newly brought to the farms was found to be protective (OR = 0,4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.8). Conclusion This study has highlighted a high prevalence and diversity of NTS species in laying hen farms in Uganda and identified associated risk factors. In addition, it has demonstrated high levels of antimicrobial resistance in isolates of NTS. This could be because of overuse or misuse of antimicrobials in poultry production. Also importantly, the insights provided in this study justifies a strong case for strengthening One Health practices and this will contribute to the development of NTS control strategies at local, national and international levels
Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum, Apiaceae) juice against cadmium neurotoxicity in albino mice (Mus Musculus)
Oxidative Criteria And Somebone Turnover Markers In Beta-Thalassemic Patients
Bone disease in beta-thalassemic patients has multifactorial etiology;increased iron stores and per-oxidative stress are involved factors.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between some boneturnover markers and some oxidants, antioxidants parameters of betathalassemicpatients. The study included 50 patients were diagnosedas beta-thalassemia major aged between 3 and 40 years, 30 males and20 females compared to 34 normal controls of same age and sex ratio.The patients and the controls were divided into 2 groups: group A1≤18 years compared to their controls group B1 and group A2 > 18years compared to their controls group B2. All were subjected to fullclinical examination and laboratory analysis of their blood and urinefor bone turnover markers; osteocalcin (OC), bone specific alkalinephosphatase (BAP) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD).Alsoparathormone (PTH), serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (Ph).Oxidants and antioxidants determined were; plasma malondialdehyde(MDA), nitric oxide (NO), blood reduced glutathione (GSH),erythrocyte Cu- Zn Superoxide dismutase (SOD). Serum levels ofcopper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), vitamin E and total antioxidantcapacity (TAOC) were also determined. The results showedsignificant increase in urinary DPD and decrease in serum OC, BAPand PTH in thalassemic groups compared to controls. Also, the resultsrevealed significant elevation in plasma MDA, NO, SOD and serumCu and TAOC especially in group A1. While there was significant decrease in GSH, serum Zn, Se, and vitamin E. Plasma OC waspositively correlated with serum iron and NO and negativelycorrelated with plasma TAOC in thalassemic patients within agegroup 3 ≤18 years. On other hand, plasma BAP level was positivelycorrelated with the frequency of transfusion. Moreover, a significantinverse correlation of plasma PTH with blood GSH and plasma Vit.Ewere observed in thalassemic patients within age group 18 ≤ 40.Furthermore, a significant positive correlation of plasma OC withheight, DPD with age and Ph. were seen too in the same group. Also,plasma DPD was negatively correlated with NO in thalassemicpatients within age group 18 ≤ 40. In Conclusion, there aredisturbance in bone turnover markers in beta-thalassemic patientswhich favor increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation.These markers have to some extent correlations with oxidantantioxidantparameters in those patients.Key Words : Oxidative stress markers , MDA , antioxidant , osteocalcin, PT