Direct estimation of functionals of density operators by local operations and classical communication

We present a method of direct estimation of important properties of a shared bipartite quantum state, within the "distant laboratories" paradigm, using only local operations and classical communication. We apply this procedure to spectrum estimation of shared states, and locally implementable structural physical approximations to incompletely positive maps. This procedure can also be applied to the estimation of channel capacity and measures of entanglement

Time-dependent Robin boundary conditions in the dynamical Casimir effect

Motivated by experiments in which moving boundaries are simulated by time-dependent properties of static systems, we discuss the model of a massless scalar field submitted to a time-dependent Robin boundary condition (BC) at a static mirror in 1+1 dimensions. Using a perturbative approach, we compute the spectral distribution of the created particles and the total particle creation rate, considering a thermal state as the initial field state.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. To appear in proceedings of Conference on Quantum Field Theory under the Influence of External Condition

Strategies for Optimize Off-Lattice Aggregate Simulations

We review some computer algorithms for the simulation of off-lattice clusters grown from a seed, with emphasis on the diffusion-limited aggregation, ballistic aggregation and Eden models. Only those methods which can be immediately extended to distinct off-lattice aggregation processes are discussed. The computer efficiencies of the distinct algorithms are compared.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures and 3 tables; published at Brazilian Journal of Physics 38, march, 2008 (http://www.sbfisica.org.br/bjp/files/v38_81.pdf

Epidemiologia do cancro do colo Do útero

Cervical cancer is the fifth most common cancer in European women. The recognition of a viral agent such as Human Papillomavirus (HPV) as a necessary cause in the development of cervical cancer implies that this disease may be prevented by effective prophylactic or therapeutic interventions against this infection. HPV vaccines conferring protection against infection with oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18, which cause the majority of the cervical cancer cases, are currently marketed, but. continued cervical cancer screening is necessary regardless of vaccination. Organised screening programs have the highest potential to reduce cervical cancer mortality, by achieving higher levels of coverage of all population groups and higher proportions of women screened at regular intervals, with better costeffectiveness and overall quality. Opportunistic screening, on the other hand, has a more limited impact and is more difficult to monitor and to evaluate due to its decentralized nature and lack of systematic reporting. However, opportunistic screening is still predominant in most European countries. In Portugal, cervical cancer screening has been predominantly opportunistic, except for regional organised programs in the Central Region of Portugal, in the region of Alentejo and an organised screening program is also being implemented in the North region of Portugal

Performances of a Newly High Sensitive Trilayer F/Cu/F GMI Sensor

We have selected stress-annealed nanocrystalline Fe-based ribbons for ferromagnetic/copper/ferromagnetic sensors exhibiting high magneto-impedance ratio. Longitudinal magneto-impedance reaches 400% at 60 kHz and longitudinal magneto-resistance increases up to 1300% around 200 kHz.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, Sensors and Actuators A (in review