Paradoxical effect of a pequi oil-rich diet on the development of atherosclerosis: balance between antioxidant and hyperlipidemic properties

O artigo não contém resumo em português.Pequi is the fruit of Caryocar brasiliense and its oil has a high concentration of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, which are anti- and pro-atherogenic agents, respectively, and of carotenoids, which give it antioxidant properties. Our objective was to study the effect of the intake of a cholesterol-rich diet supplemented with pequi oil, compared to the same diet containing soybean oil, on atherosclerosis development, and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis-susceptible LDL receptor-deficient mice (LDLr -/-, C57BL/6-background). Female mice were fed a cholesterol-rich diet containing 7% soybean oil (Soybean group, N = 12) or 7% pequi oil (Pequi group, N = 12) for 6 weeks. The Pequi group presented a more atherogenic lipid profile and more advanced atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root compared to the Soybean group. However, the Pequi group presented a less advanced lesion in the aorta than the Soybean group and showed lower lipid peroxidation (Soybean group: 50.2 ± 7.1; Pequi group: 30.0 ± 4.8 µmol MDA/mg protein) and anti-oxidized LDL autoantibodies (Soybean group: 35.7 ± 9.4; Pequi group: 15.6 ± 3.7 arbitrary units). Peritoneal macrophages from the Pequi group stimulated with zymosan showed a reduction in the release of reactive oxygen species compared to the Soybean group. Our data suggest that a pequi oil-rich diet slows atherogenesis in the initial stages, possibly due to its antioxidant activity. However, the increase of serum cholesterol induces a more prominent LDL migration toward the intimae of arteries, increasing the advanced atherosclerotic plaque. In conclusion, pequi oil associated with an atherogenic diet worsens the lipid profile and accelerates the formation of advanced atherosclerotic lesions despite its antioxidant action

Paradoxical effect of a pequi oil-rich diet on the development of atherosclerosis: balance between antioxidant and hyperlipidemic properties

Pequi is the fruit of Caryocar brasiliense and its oil has a high concentration of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, which are anti- and pro-atherogenic agents, respectively, and of carotenoids, which give it antioxidant properties. Our objective was to study the effect of the intake of a cholesterol-rich diet supplemented with pequi oil, compared to the same diet containing soybean oil, on atherosclerosis development, and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis-susceptible LDL receptor-deficient mice (LDLr-/-, C57BL/6-background). Female mice were fed a cholesterol-rich diet containing 7% soybean oil (Soybean group, N = 12) or 7% pequi oil (Pequi group, N = 12) for 6 weeks. The Pequi group presented a more atherogenic lipid profile and more advanced atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root compared to the Soybean group. However, the Pequi group presented a less advanced lesion in the aorta than the Soybean group and showed lower lipid peroxidation (Soybean group: 50.2 ± 7.1; Pequi group: 30.0 ± 4.8 µmol MDA/mg protein) and anti-oxidized LDL autoantibodies (Soybean group: 35.7 ± 9.4; Pequi group: 15.6 ± 3.7 arbitrary units). Peritoneal macrophages from the Pequi group stimulated with zymosan showed a reduction in the release of reactive oxygen species compared to the Soybean group. Our data suggest that a pequi oil-rich diet slows atherogenesis in the initial stages, possibly due to its antioxidant activity. However, the increase of serum cholesterol induces a more prominent LDL migration toward the intimae of arteries, increasing the advanced atherosclerotic plaque. In conclusion, pequi oil associated with an atherogenic diet worsens the lipid profile and accelerates the formation of advanced atherosclerotic lesions despite its antioxidant action

Fontes, doses e modo de aplicação de nitrogênio em feijoeiro no sistema plantio direto Effect of sources, doses and nitrogen split in winter common bean in no tillage system

O manejo do N correspondente à maior produtividade de grãos, do ponto de vista econômico, muitas vezes não é o mais rentável e, portanto, não será adequado para recomendação ao produtor. O objetivo do trabalho foi o de estudar o efeito de fontes, doses e parcelamento do nitrogênio no desenvolvimento e na produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro de inverno no sistema plantio direto, correlacionado com análise econômica simples, em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico argiloso, em Selvíria (MS), em 2005. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 x 2, com trinta tratamentos e quatro repetições, constituídos por três fontes de nitrogênio (uréia, sulfato de amônio - SA e mistura - ½ N uréia + ½ N SA), cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1), aplicadas na semeadura ou parceladamente. Com o N proveniente do sulfato de amônio proporcionou-se mais produtividade de grãos e, com a uréia, maior eficiência econômica. A produtividade foi incrementada com o aumento da adubação nitrogenada até a dose de 198 kg ha-1, proporcionando-se, em média, aumento de 44% na produtividade comparada à da testemunha sem N. O parcelamento da adubação nitrogenada não foi economicamente viável.<br>Several works show the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization in the yield increase common bean yield; however, there is need of new studies, because of the economical point of view, the management of nitrogen that corresponds the largest yield of grains many times it does not correspond to the most profitable and, therefore, it does not fit for recommendation to the producer. The objective of the work was to study the effect of sources, doses and nitrogen split in the development and yield of winter common bean in no tillage system, correlated with a simple economical analysis. The trial was conducted in Selvíria county, Mato Grosso do Sul, State, in 2005, in a dystrophic clayey Latosol - Haplustox. A randomized blocks design was used, in a factorial scheme 3x5x2 with 30 treatments and 4 repetitions constituted by three sources of nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, urea and ammonium sulphate ½ of N + urea ½ of N), with different doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1) applied at sowing or split (1/3 at sowing + 2/3 V4-4 growth stage). The source of nitrogen from ammonium sulphate provides larger yield of grains of the winter common bean; however, the urea is that provides larger economical efficiency. The increase of the nitrogen fertilization increases the yield up to 198 kg/ha of N, providing on average an increase of 44% in the yield compared with the control (without N). The nitrogen split was not economically viable

Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering