Expanding the knowledge about Leishmania species in wild mammals and dogs in the Brazilian savannah

Background: Wild, synanthropic and domestic mammals act as hosts and/or reservoirs of several Leishmania spp. Studies on possible reservoirs of Leishmania in different areas are fundamental to understand host-parasite interactions and develop strategies for the surveillance and control of leishmaniasis. In the present study, we evaluated the Leishmania spp. occurrence in mammals in two conservation units and their surroundings in Brasília, Federal District (FD), Brazil. Methods: Small mammals were captured in Brasília National Park (BNP) and Contagem Biological Reserve (CBR) and dogs were sampled in residential areas in their vicinity. Skin and blood samples were evaluated by PCR using different molecular markers (D7 24Sα rRNA and rDNA ITS1). Leishmania species were identified by sequencing of PCR products. Dog blood samples were subjected to the rapid immunochromatographic test (DPP) for detection of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies. Results: 179 wild mammals were studied and 20.1% had Leishmania DNA successfully detected in at least one sample. Six mammal species were considered infected: Clyomys laticeps, Necromys lasiurus, Nectomys rattus, Rhipidomys macrurus, Didelphis albiventris and Gracilinanus agilis. No significant difference, comparing the proportion of individuals with Leishmania spp., was observed between the sampled areas and wild mammal species. Most of the positive samples were collected from the rodent N. lasiurus, infected by L. amazonensis or L. braziliensis. Moreover, infections by Trypanosoma spp. were detected in N. lasiurus and G. agilis. All 19 dog samples were positive by DPP; however, only three (15.8%) were confirmed by PCR assays. DNA sequences of ITS1 dog amplicons showed 100% identity with L. infantum sequence. Conclusions: The results suggest the participation of six species of wild mammals in the enzootic transmission of Leishmania spp. in FD. This is the first report of L. amazonensis in N. lasiurus

Multimorbidity and associated factors in Brazilian women aged 40 to 65 years: a population-based study

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of multimorbidity and associated factors in Brazilian women aged 40 to 65 years with 11 or more years of school education. Methods: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using an anonymous self-report questionnaire completed by 377 women. The number of reported morbid conditions was evaluated (depression, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, urinary incontinence, and insomnia) and classified as none or one and two or more morbid conditions. The sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and reproductive factors associated with these conditions were also assessed. The X-2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection criteria were used to select the major factors associated with morbid conditions, with a significance level set at 5%. Results: Insomnia was reported by 38.5%, depression by 31%, hypertension by 28.4%, urinary incontinence by 23.2%, and diabetes by 6.3% of the participants. In this sample, 28.9% did not report any morbid conditions, 31.8% reported one morbid condition, and 39.3% reported two or more morbid conditions. On logistic regression analysis, the increased likelihood of having two or more morbid conditions was associated with bad/fair self-perception of health (increased 5.1 times; 95% CI, 1.85-14.1), nonperformance of physical activity (increased by 2.7 times; 95% CI, 1.08-6.81), obesity (increased by 30.3 times; 95% CI, 3.17-250), postmenopause (increased by 4.4 times; 95% CI, 1.57-12.11), and nervousness (increased by 3.8 times; 95% CI, 1.45-9.8). Conclusions: A worse self-perception of health, sedentariness, obesity, nervousness, and being postmenopausal were associated with multimorbidity.195569575Sao Paulo Foundation [04/10524-8]Sao Paulo Foundation [04/10524-8

Aging, obesity, and multimorbidity in women 50 years or older: a population-based study

Objective: This study aims to evaluate multimorbidity and its associated factors in Brazilian women aged 50 years or older. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study using self-reports. A total of 622 women aged 50 years or older were included. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more of the following morbidities: hypertension, osteoarthritis, cataracts, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, glaucoma, chronic bronchitis or asthma, urinary incontinence, cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke, and pulmonary emphysema. Sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors were evaluated. Data were analyzed using chi(2) test and Fisher's exact test, and Poisson multiple regression analysis was performed. Prevalence ratios and their 95% CIs were calculated. Results: In this sample, 15.8% of participants reported no morbidities, whereas 26% reported having one morbid condition and 58.2% reported multimorbidity. With respect to morbidities, 55.9% of women reported having hypertension, 33.8% reported having osteoarthritis, 24.5% reported having cataracts, 22.7% reported having diabetes, 21.3% reported having osteoporosis, 9.9% reported having glaucoma, 9.2% reported having bronchitis, 8.9% reported having urinary incontinence, and 6.8% reported having cancer, whereas 4.8% reported having had a myocardial infarction, 2.7% reported having had a stroke, and 1.8% reported having pulmonary emphysema. Multiple regression analysis showed that for each additional year of life, women increased their likelihood of multimorbidity by 3% (95% CI, 1.02-1.04). Furthermore, for each point increase (kg/m(2)) in their body mass index, women also increased their likelihood of multimorbidity by 3% (95% CI, 1.02-1.04). Conclusions: Multimorbidity is principally associated with aging and obesity.208818824Sao Paulo Foundation for the Support of Research [2010/15867-1]Sao Paulo Foundation for the Support of Research [2010/15867-1

Preparation of Fe-Cr-P-Co amorphous alloys by electrodeposition

The effects of bath composition and electroplating conditions on structure, morphology, and composition of amorphous Fe-Cr-P-Co deposits on AISI 1020 steel substrate, priorly plated with a thin Cu deposit, were investigated. The increase of charge density activates the inclusion of Cr in the deposit. However, above specific values of the charge density, which depend on the deposition current density, the Cr content in the deposit decreases. This Cr content decreasing is probably due to the significant hydrogen evolution with the increasing of deposition cur-rent and charge density. The effect of charge density on the content of Fe and Co is not clear. However, there is a tendency of increasing of Fe content and decreasing of Co content with the raising of current density. The Co is more easily deposited than the P, and its presence results in a more intense inhibition effect on the Cr deposition than the inhibition effect caused by P presence. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that Co increasing in the Fe-Cr-P-Co alloys analyzed does not promote the susceptibility to microcracks, which led to a good quality deposit. The passive film of the Fe-Cr-P-Co alloy shows a high ability formation and high protective capacity, and the results obtained by current density of corrosion, j(cor), show that the deposit with addition of Co, Fe31Cr11P28Co30, presents a higher corrosion resistance than the deposit with addition of Ni, Fe54Cr21P20Ni5. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V

Utilização da telemedicina como estratégia de promoção de saúde em comunidades ribeirinhas da Amazônia: experiência de trabalho interdisciplinar, integrando as diretrizes do SUS Use of telemedicine technology as a strategy to promote health care of riverside communities in the Amazon: experience with interdisciplinary work, integrating NHS guidelines

Este artigo apresenta uma experiência de formação educacional e de assistência médica, utilizando a telemedicina como recurso tecnológico para a promoção e prevenção em saúde, além da capacitação profissional de populações ribeirinhas do baixo Madeira, no Estado de Rondônia. A atuação contou com a constituição de um pequeno pólo de telemedicina na comunidade de Santa Catarina, localizada no rio Madeira, há duzentos quilômetros do município de Porto Velho. A experiência no campo foi realizada entre 17 e 31 de julho de 2006, promovendo a inclusão de moradores de nove comunidades ribeirinhas. O sistema permitiu a troca simultânea de vídeo e áudio em tempo real, possibilitando acesso à informação, assistência médica e palestras sobre prevenção em saúde básica à população em geral. A realização deste projeto mostrou que a implantação da telemedicina é uma alternativa para a melhor distribuição dos serviços de saúde. Além de levar o atendimento a populações menos favorecidas, permite a reintegração social de pessoas preteridas pelo isolamento geográfico, auxilia na difusão de informação, proporciona capacitação aos moradores e futuros usuários do sistema, promove a prevenção em saúde, desenvolvendo a responsabilidade da população para uma melhor da qualidade de vida da região.<br>This article aims at presenting an experience of professional and medical assistance education using telemedicine as a technology for the promotion and prevention in health care as well as professional qualification of the riverside population living in the margins of Madeira river, in the State of Rondônia. This project comprised a small pole of the telemedicine in the community of Santa Catarina, located by Madeira river, 200 km from the city of Porto Velho, Rondônia State. Field experience was performed between July 17 and 31, 2006, promoting the inclusion of inhabitants of nine riverside communities. The system allowed simultaneous, real time audio and video exchange providing the riverside communities with unique access to information, medical assistance, and lectures on prevention in basic health to the population in general. This project showed that the implantation of telemedicine is an alternative for a better distribution of health services. In addition to bringing assistance to people less favoured, it allows social reintegralization of people excluded due to geographic isolation, assists in information diffusion, proves education to the population and future system users, promotes prevention in health, developing responsibility of the population for a better quality of life of the region