20,896 research outputs found
Temperature effect on (2+1) experimental Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth
We report on the effect of substrate temperature (T) on both local structure
and long-wavelength fluctuations of polycrystalline CdTe thin films deposited
on Si(001). A strong T-dependent mound evolution is observed and explained in
terms of the energy barrier to inter-grain diffusion at grain boundaries, as
corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations. This leads to transitions from
uncorrelated growth to a crossover from random-to-correlated growth and
transient anomalous scaling as T increases. Due to these finite-time effects,
we were not able to determine the universality class of the system through the
critical exponents. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that this can be circumvented
by analyzing height, roughness and maximal height distributions, which allow us
to prove that CdTe grows asymptotically according to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang
(KPZ) equation in a broad range of T. More important, one finds positive
(negative) velocity excess in the growth at low (high) T, indicating that it is
possible to control the KPZ non-linearity by adjusting the temperature.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Contributo para a validação do knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (Koos) em desportistas com lesão no joelho
OBJECTIVOS: Contribuir para a validação da versão portuguesa KOOS para uma população de desportistas com lesão do joelho, avaliando as suas propriedades psicométricas.
RELEVÂNCIA: O KOOS é um questionário auto-administrado desenvolvido para pacientes mais jovens e/ou mais activos com lesão e/ou osteoartrose no joelho introduzindo as dimensões funcionalidade no desporto e lazer e qualidade de vida relacionada com o joelho.
AMOSTRA: No estudo participaram 42 desportistas, (sexo: 10 mulheres, 32 homens; idade: 26,38±8,79 anos) que sofreram lesões no joelho e que se encontravam a receber cuidados de fisioterapia.
METODOLOGIA: O KOOS foi administrado em três ocasiões separadas, com um intervalo de 48 horas e de 4 semanas. Na primeira e terceira ocasiões foram ainda administrados o Medical Outcome Study-36 item Short-Form Survey (MOS SF-36) e o Lysholm Knee Scale (LKS).
ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA: O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi utilizado para testar a coerência interna. O coeficiente r de Pearson foi utilizado para testar a reprodutibilidade teste-reteste e a relação entre o KOOS e os MOS SF-36 e LKS (validade de critério). A percentagem de efeitos chão e tecto foi utilizada para testar a validade do conteúdo. O teste t de Student para amostras independentes foi utilizado para testar variáveis clínicas (validade de construção). O poder de resposta foi analisado através do teste de t student para amostras emparelhadas, pela dimensão estandardizada de resultados e pela média estandardizada de resposta.
RESULTADOS/DISCUSSÃO: A coerência interna foi elevada alfa de Cronbach > 0,701), assim como a reprodutibilidade teste-reteste (r> 0,70 em 5 das 4 dimensões do KOOS). A quase totalidade das dimensões apresentou efeitos de chão e tecto não significativos. A validade de construção foi evidenciada com a obtenção de diferenças estatisticamente significativas, relativas às pontuações do KOOS, de acordo com o grau de incapacidade provocado pelo joelho, com o grau de desconforto a caminhar e com a utilização de auxiliar de marcha. A validade de critério foi demonstrada através da correlação de várias dimensões do KOOS com várias dimensões do MOS SF-36 e algumas do LKS. Em relação ao poder de resposta, obtiveram-se diferenças significativas, nas 5 dimensões do KOOS, relativamente ao início dos tratamentos com a situação após 4 semanas e valores de “effect size” bastante significativos, entre 0, 62 e 0,86.
CONCLUSÃO: A versão portuguesa do KOOS, quando aplicada a desportistas com lesão no joelho, mostrou ser um instrumento de medida válido, fiável e com poder de resposta
Living bacteria rheology: population growth, aggregation patterns and cooperative behaviour under different shear flows
The activity of growing living bacteria was investigated using real-time and
in situ rheology -- in stationary and oscillatory shear. Two different strains
of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus -- strain COL and its isogenic cell
wall autolysis mutant -- were considered in this work. For low bacteria
density, strain COL forms small clusters, while the mutant, presenting
deficient cell separation, forms irregular larger aggregates. In the early
stages of growth, when subjected to a stationary shear, the viscosity of both
strains increases with the population of cells. As the bacteria reach the
exponential phase of growth, the viscosity of the two strains follow different
and rich behaviours, with no counterpart in the optical density or in the
population's colony forming units measurements. While the viscosity of strain
COL keeps increasing during the exponential phase and returns close to its
initial value for the late phase of growth, where the population stabilizes,
the viscosity of the mutant strain decreases steeply, still in the exponential
phase, remains constant for some time and increases again, reaching a constant
plateau at a maximum value for the late phase of growth. These complex
viscoelastic behaviours, which were observed to be shear stress dependent, are
a consequence of two coupled effects: the cell density continuous increase and
its changing interacting properties. The viscous and elastic moduli of strain
COL, obtained with oscillatory shear, exhibit power-law behaviours whose
exponent are dependent on the bacteria growth stage. The viscous and elastic
moduli of the mutant have complex behaviours, emerging from the different
relaxation times that are associated with the large molecules of the medium and
the self-organized structures of bacteria. These behaviours reflect
nevertheless the bacteria growth stage.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Initial pseudo-steady state & asymptotic KPZ universality in semiconductor on polymer deposition
The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class is a paradigmatic example of universality
in nonequilibrium phenomena, but clear experimental evidences of asymptotic
2D-KPZ statistics are still very rare, and far less understanding stems from
its short-time behavior. We tackle such issues by analyzing surface
fluctuations of CdTe films deposited on polymeric substrates, based on a huge
spatio-temporal surface sampling acquired through atomic force microscopy. A
\textit{pseudo}-steady state (where average surface roughness and spatial
correlations stay constant in time) is observed at initial times, persisting up
to deposition of monolayers. This state results from a fine
balance between roughening and smoothening, as supported by a phenomenological
growth model. KPZ statistics arises at long times, thoroughly verified by
universal exponents, spatial covariance and several distributions. Recent
theoretical generalizations of the Family-Vicsek scaling and the emergence of
log-normal distributions during interface growth are experimentally confirmed.
These results confirm that high vacuum vapor deposition of CdTe constitutes a
genuine 2D-KPZ system, and expand our knowledge about possible
substrate-induced short-time behaviors.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, 2 table
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