CONTEÚDO DE PROTEÍNA, CINZAS E SAIS MINERAIS DE PLANTAS HERBÁCEAS UTILIZADAS COMO FORRAGEIRAS EM TANQUES DE PISCICULTURA (VITÓRIA DO MEARIM, MA)

Quatro espécies de plantas herbáceas (Brachiaria mutica, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Echinochloa sp e Eichhornia crassipes) foram coletadas aleatoriamente em viveiros de piscicultura com carpa capim, próximos ao igarapé do Meio, no município de Vitória do Mearim (MA), no dia 17.10.2002. Foi feita uma avaliação de matéria seca para planta inteira, nitrogênio, proteína bruta, fósforo, cinzas, cálcio, potássio e sódio (em % do peso seco), com vistas à sua utilização como forrageiras. As plantas que melhor se apresentaram para a alimentação da carpa capim foram B. mutica e H. amplexicaulis.   ABSTRACT Protein, ash and mineral content of herbaceous plants used for food in fishponds (Vitória do Mearim, MA) Four species of herbaceous plants (Brachiaria mutica, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Echinochloa sp e Eichhornia crassipes) were collected casually in fishponds with grass carp, near Igarapé do Meio - Vitória do Mearim (MA), in 10.17.2002. An evaluation of dry matter for whole plant, nitrogen, crude protein, phosphorus, ash, calcium, potassium and sodium (in % of dry weght) was made in order to use them for fish feeding. The plants with better conditions for grass carp feeding were B. mutica e H. amplexicaulis.   Keywords: fishponds, grass carp, feeding.

CONTEÚDO DE PROTEÍNA, CINZAS E SAIS MINERAIS DE PLANTAS HERBÁCEAS UTILIZADAS COMO FORRAGEIRAS EM TANQUES DE PISCICULTURA (VITÓRIA DO MEARIM, MA)

Quatro espécies de plantas herbáceas (Brachiaria mutica, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Echinochloa sp e Eichhornia crassipes) foram coletadas aleatoriamente em viveiros de piscicultura com carpa capim, próximos ao igarapé do Meio, no município de Vitória do Mearim (MA), no dia 17.10.2002. Foi feita uma avaliação de matéria seca para planta inteira, nitrogênio, proteína bruta, fósforo, cinzas, cálcio, potássio e sódio (em % do peso seco), com vistas à sua utilização como forrageiras. As plantas que melhor se apresentaram para a alimentação da carpa capim foram B. mutica e H. amplexicaulis.   ABSTRACT Protein, ash and mineral content of herbaceous plants used for food in fishponds (Vitória do Mearim, MA) Four species of herbaceous plants (Brachiaria mutica, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Echinochloa sp e Eichhornia crassipes) were collected casually in fishponds with grass carp, near Igarapé do Meio - Vitória do Mearim (MA), in 10.17.2002. An evaluation of dry matter for whole plant, nitrogen, crude protein, phosphorus, ash, calcium, potassium and sodium (in % of dry weght) was made in order to use them for fish feeding. The plants with better conditions for grass carp feeding were B. mutica e H. amplexicaulis.   Keywords: fishponds, grass carp, feeding.

Antioxidant and orofacial anti-nociceptive activities of the stem bark aqueous extract of <i>Anadenanthera colubrina</i> (Velloso) Brenan (Fabaceae)

<div><p>The anti-nociceptive and antioxidant activities of the <i>Anadenanthera</i><i>colubrina</i> stem bark aqueous extract (AEAC) were investigated. AEAC (30 μg/mL) reduced 94.8% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and prevented 64% (200 μg/mL) of lipid peroxidation caused by 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride-induced peroxyl radicals. AEAC treatment (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) reduced mice orofacial nociception in the first (61.4% and 62.6%, respectively) and second (48.9% and 61.9%, respectively) phases of the formalin test. Nociception caused by glutamate was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) reduced by up to 79% at 400 mg/kg, while 56–60% of the nociceptive behaviour induced by capsaicin was significantly inhibited by AEAC (100–400 mg/kg). Mice treated with AEAC did not show changes in motor performance in the Rota-rod apparatus. It appears that AEAC is of pharmacological importance in treating pain due to its anti-nociceptive effects, which were shown to be mediated by central and peripheral mechanisms.</p></div

Repeat-based holocentromeres influence genome architecture and karyotype evolution.

The centromere represents a single region in most eukaryotic chromosomes. However, several plant and animal lineages assemble holocentromeres along the entire chromosome length. Here, we compare genome organization and evolution as a function of centromere type by assembling chromosome-scale holocentric genomes with repeat-based holocentromeres from three beak-sedge (Rhynchospora pubera, R. breviuscula, and R. tenuis) and their closest monocentric relative, Juncus effusus. We demonstrate that transition to holocentricity affected 3D genome architecture by redefining genomic compartments, while distributing centromere function to thousands of repeat-based centromere units genome-wide. We uncover a complex genome organization in R. pubera that hides its unexpected octoploidy and describe a marked reduction in chromosome number for R. tenuis, which has only two chromosomes. We show that chromosome fusions, facilitated by repeat-based holocentromeres, promoted karyotype evolution and diploidization. Our study thus sheds light on several important aspects of genome architecture and evolution influenced by centromere organization