Desenvolvimento de um protótipo de pulverizador eletrohidrodinâmico. 2- Avaliação do seu comportamento no controle de trips (Enneothrips flavens) (Moulton, 1941) do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Um prototipo de pulverizador eletrohidrodinamico foi comparado com um pulverizador com disco rotativo e com um pulverizador convencional, no controle de trips (Enneotrhips flavens, Moulton), atraves da aplicacao de deltamethrin em dois ensaios de campo. Os tres pulverizadores tiveram comportamento semelhante no controle do inseto, sendo que a producao de vagens do segundo nao mostrou diferencas estatisticas ao nivel de 5% de probabilidade entre os tres pulverizadores testados. O pulverizador eletrohidrodinamico mostrou vantagens logisticas devido ao menor volume de pulverizacao

Simulação de dados meteorológicos para avaliação de impactos de mudanças climáticas na agricultura.

Neste trabalho foi utilizado o simulador climático LARS-WG. Esse simulador é baseado em um modelo semiempírico, ou seja, para o processo há a utilização de parâmetros estatísticos em sua formulação e também a necessidade de calibrações para as devidas aplicações

Semiclassical Evolution of Dissipative Markovian Systems

A semiclassical approximation for an evolving density operator, driven by a "closed" hamiltonian operator and "open" markovian Lindblad operators, is obtained. The theory is based on the chord function, i.e. the Fourier transform of the Wigner function. It reduces to an exact solution of the Lindblad master equation if the hamiltonian operator is a quadratic function and the Lindblad operators are linear functions of positions and momenta. Initially, the semiclassical formulae for the case of hermitian Lindblad operators are reinterpreted in terms of a (real) double phase space, generated by an appropriate classical double Hamiltonian. An extra "open" term is added to the double Hamiltonian by the non-hermitian part of the Lindblad operators in the general case of dissipative markovian evolution. The particular case of generic hamiltonian operators, but linear dissipative Lindblad operators, is studied in more detail. A Liouville-type equivariance still holds for the corresponding classical evolution in double phase, but the centre subspace, which supports the Wigner function, is compressed, along with expansion of its conjugate subspace, which supports the chord function. Decoherence narrows the relevant region of double phase space to the neighborhood of a caustic for both the Wigner function and the chord function. This difficulty is avoided by a propagator in a mixed representation, so that a further "small-chord" approximation leads to a simple generalization of the quadratic theory for evolving Wigner functions.Comment: 33 pages - accepted to J. Phys.

Decoherence of Semiclassical Wigner Functions

The Lindblad equation governs general markovian evolution of the density operator in an open quantum system. An expression for the rate of change of the Wigner function as a sum of integrals is one of the forms of the Weyl representation for this equation. The semiclassical description of the Wigner function in terms of chords, each with its classically defined amplitude and phase, is thus inserted in the integrals, which leads to an explicit differential equation for the Wigner function. All the Lindblad operators are assumed to be represented by smooth phase space functions corresponding to classical variables. In the case that these are real, representing hermitian operators, the semiclassical Lindblad equation can be integrated. There results a simple extension of the unitary evolution of the semiclassical Wigner function, which does not affect the phase of each chord contribution, while dampening its amplitude. This decreases exponentially, as governed by the time integral of the square difference of the Lindblad functions along the classical trajectories of both tips of each chord. The decay of the amplitudes is shown to imply diffusion in energy for initial states that are nearly pure. Projecting the Wigner function onto an orthogonal position or momentum basis, the dampening of long chords emerges as the exponential decay of off-diagonal elements of the density matrix.Comment: 23 pg, 2 fi

Reflectance spectrometry of rocks from the comstock lode (Virginia City, Nevada, USA) and its comparison with X-ray diffraction

This paper presents the results of mineralogical analysis of hydrothermal altered rocks from the Comstock Lode, near Virginia City, Nevada, USA, using two different techniques: reflectance spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. These results are discussed based on their quickness, accuracy and low costs. The applicability to mineral mapping using high spectral resolution remote sensing images is also briefly discussed. Comparison of the results obtained for both techniques have a good degree of correlation, showing that reflectance spectrometry represents an expedite, simple and relatively inexpensive technique, capable of mapping numerous minerals in the field or in laboratory.Este trabalho apresenta resultados de análises mineralógicas de rochas com alteração hidrotermal do Lode de Comstock, próximo a Virgínia City, Estado de Nevada, EUA, utilizando duas diferentes técnicas: espectrometria de reflexão e difração de raio-X. Os resultados são discutidos em função de sua rapidez e facilidade de obtenção e acuracidade. Discute-se ainda, brevemente, sua aplicabilidade ao mapeamento mineral utilizando imagens de sensoriamento remoto com alta resolução espectral. A título de ilustração, apresenta-se uma imagem TM-Landsat da região de estudo, na qual pode-se observar a característica resposta das áreas alteradas hidrotermalmente. A comparação dos resultados obtidos com as duas técnicas apresentou um razoável grau de correlação, mostrando que a espectrometria é uma ferramenta expedita, simples, relativamente barata e capaz de identificar no campo ou em laboratório minerais de interesse na prospecção de áreas com alteração hidrotermal