Sugar Maple Borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Activity Associated With Periods of Severe Defoliation

A perusal of previous research on sugar maple borer, Glycobius speciosus, in northern New York State strongly associates severe early and late season defoliation with increased borer damage. This re-examination of earlier work suggests foliage protection may be necessary when forest management objectives are concerned with wood volume and quality

Revolución en los campos: La reinterpretación de la Revolución Agrícola inglesa

Nuestra comprensión de los open fields y de los cercamientos ha experimentado una revolución en las últimas décadas. Un considerable número de investigaciones ha mostrado que los campesinos acomodados y las pequeñas explotaciones fueron capaces de innovar, y los open fields fueron testimonio de la mayor parte del crecimiento de los rendimientos y la productividad experimentado por la agricultura inglesa desde la Edad Media hasta mediados del siglo XVIII. De 1750 en adelante, los cercamientos parlamentarios aumentaron las rentas de la aristocracia o la pequeña nobleza, pero no lograron incrementar significativamente el producto agrario ni liberar trabajo en cantidades apreciables. Los primeros pasos del nuevo planteamiento surgieron de comparaciones estadisticas o análisis de regresión, y no de las fuentes documentales empleadas para sostener la visión convencional. Sin embargo, las pruebas en favor de la capacidad de progreso de los open fields también pueden encontrarse en las fuentes tradicionales.Our understanding of the open fields and enclosures has been revolutionised in recent decades. A wide range of research has shown that yeomen farmers and small holders peasants were capable of innovation, and the open fields witnessed most of the output and productivity growth achieved by English agriculture from the Middle Ages to around 1750. Parliamentary enclosures increased landlord and gentry income, but often failed to produce much extra output or release much labour from 1750 onwards. The first steps of the new understanding arose from statistical comparisons and regression analysis rather than from the documentary data used to support the standard approach. But the case for the progressiveness of the open fields can also be built in traditional sources

Recent developments in production, cost, and index number theory, with an application to international differences in the cost and efficiency of steelmaking in 1907/9

"Dieser Beitrag stellt neuere Entwicklungen in der Theorie der Produktions- und Kostenfunktionen sowie der Theorie der Indexziffern zusammenfassend dar. Die Indexzifferntheorie bietet das nötige Instrumentarium, um Probleme zu lösen, denen sich Wirtschaftshistoriker schon lange gegenübersahen. Hier wurden diese Methoden angewendet, um die Kostenunterschiede bei der Stahlherstellung in Deutschland, Großbritannien und in den Vereinigten Staaten in den Jahren 1907 und 1909 zu analysieren. Dabei ergab sich, daß sowohl die amerikanische als auch die deutsche Stahlindustrie um 15 Prozent effizienter produzierten als die britische. Darüber hinaus vermochte Deutschland seine Position auf dem Weltmarkt noch durch besonders niedrige Inputpreise zu verbessern, während Amerika seinen Produktivitätsvorteil durch das dort vorherrschende hohe Lohnniveau ziemlich wieder einbüßte." (Autorenreferat

Essence of Reducing Equivalent Transfer Powering Neutrophil Oxidative Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence

Neutrophil leukocytes provide first-line phagocytic defense against infection. Phagocyte locomotion to the site of infection, identification, and phagocytosis of the infecting microbe results in metabolically driven O2-dependent combustive microbicidal action. NADPH oxidase activity controls this respiratory burst metabolism. Its flavoenzyme character allows semiquinone-mediated crossover from two reducing equivalents (2RE) to 1RE transfer, as is necessary for univalent reduction of O2 to the acid hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) and its conjugate base, superoxide anion (O2−). RE transfer dynamics is considered from the perspectives of quantum and particle physics, as well as frontier orbital interactions. Direct disproportionation of HO2-O2− yields electronically excited singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Myeloperoxidase catalyzes H2O2-dependent 2RE oxidation of chloride (Cl−) to hypochlorite (OCl−). Direct nonenzymatic reaction of OCl− with an additional H2O2 yields Cl−, H2O, and 1O2*. Thus, for two 2RE metabolized through NADPH oxidase, a total of three 1O2* are possible. H2O2, OCl−, and 1O2* generated are all singlet multiplicity reactants and can participate in spin-allowed combustive oxygenations yielding light emission, that is, luminescence or chemiluminescence. The sensitivity of luminescence for measuring neutrophil redox activities is increased several orders of magnitude by introducing chemiluminigenic probes. Probes can be selected to differentiate oxidase from haloperoxidase activities

Was Dale Carnegie the Father of Modern Management?

As academics, we like to believe that our research leads and informs the best practice of industry. Much of what is taught in college classrooms in business and economics departments is the application of the theoretical work of our colleagues past and present. Three examples of this pattern are Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Malsow, 1954) Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory (Herzberg, Mausnar & Snyderman, 1959) and Emotional Intelligence (Salovey & Mayer, 1990, Goleman, 1995). This paper shows that all of these theories were in the popular press years before they were discovered and studied by academics. Each of these theories is at least partially explored in Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People, first published in 1936