Mental Health Nursing, Mechanical Restraint Measures and Patients’ Legal Rights

Coercive mechanical restraint (MR) in psychiatry constitutes the perhaps most extensive exception from the common health law requirement for involving patients in health care decisions and achieving their informed consent prior to treatment. Coercive measures and particularly MR seriously collide with patient autonomy principles, pose a particular challenge to psychiatric patients’ legal rights, and put intensified demands on health professional performance. Legal rights principles require rationale for coercive measure use be thoroughly considered and rigorously documented. This article presents an in-principle Danish Psychiatric Complaint Board decision concerning MR use initiated by untrained staff. The case illustrates that, judicially, weight must be put on the patient perspective on course of happenings and especially when health professional documentation is scant, patients’ rights call for taking notice of patient evaluations. Consequently, if it comes out that psychiatric staff failed to pay appropriate consideration for the patient’s mental state, perspective, and expressions, patient response deviations are to be judicially interpreted in this light potentially rendering MR use illegitimated. While specification of law criteria might possibly improve law use and promote patients’ rights, education of psychiatry professionals must address the need for, as far as possible, paying due regard to meeting patient perspectives and participation principles as well as formal law and documentation requirements

TRENDOVI U TURIZMU EUROPSKE UNIJE I PERSPEKTIVA HRVATSKE

The European Union’s impact on tourism continues to grow daily. Serving as a moderator, the EU converges the differing interests of the southern tourism-receiving countries (primary tourism growth) and the northern generating tourist countries (preventing environmental damage, respect for cultural heritage, service quality) through common tourism policies. A community of countries applying specific tourism regulations and standards, the EU fosters tourism development according to modern demand defined through new forms of the tourism offer and tourism management trends. EU members, in positioning themselves in the minds of tourists and in creating an image, have a great advantage over non-member countries, such as Croatia, which are accepted as minor destinations on Europe’s fringes.Although not an EU member, Croatia is aimed at approximating the tourist trade of EU countries. To facilitate its integration to the European tourism offer, Croatia must apply the experiences, solutions and standards of Europe’s advanced tourism countries.Utjecaj EU na turizam svakim danom sve više raste. U ulozi moderatora približava različite interese južnih receptivnih zemalja (primarni rast turizma) s interesima sjevernih emitivnih zemalja (izbjegavanje štetnih posljedica po okoliš, poštivanje kulturnog naslijeđa, kvaliteta usluga) putem zajedničke turističke politike. EU je zajednica zemalja u kojoj vrijede određena pravila i standardi o turizmu kako bi se mogao razvijati u skladu sa željama suvremene turističke potražnje, koji danas definiraju nove oblike ponude i nove trendove u upravljanju turizmom. Članice EU imaju veliku prednost kod pozicioniranja u svijesti turista i kreiranju imidža, dok se zemlje nečlanice, pa tako i Hrvatska, prihvaćaju kao manje vrijedna odredišta na europskoj periferiji. Iako Hrvatska nije članica EU, zemlja je s velikim turističkim mogućnostima kojoj je cilj približiti se turističkom djelovanju koje je prisutno u zemljama EU, a da bi se što prije integrirala u europsku turističku ponudu, nameće se nužnost sagledavanja i primjene iskustava, rješenja i standarda turistički razvijenih zemlja Europe