Brodogradnja i klasifikacija brodova - Odgovornost prema trećim osobama

The role of the Classification Societies has changed today. Their task projection addresses issues of safety in navigation and protection of human life at sea and of the marine environment. The importance of their technical expertise is to be outlined in the perspective of third-party rights and general duty of care. The Classification Societies do not have an international regulation that will define their liability at present. They effectively protect themselves within the framework of the classification contract with Owners. Classification Societies, as much as Shipbuilders, have a responsibility for damage to third parties out of negligence in the performance of their work. They are exposed to Court decisions in the various jurisdictions. As international Convention is necessary and to that effect the works of the CMI should be taken into account.Uloga klasifikacijskih društava u današnje vrijeme se promijenila. Njihov zadatak odnosi se na pitanja sigurnosti plovidbe, zaštite ljudskog života na moru i morskog okoliša. Važnost njihove tehničke ekspertize naglašena je s obzirom na prava trećih osoba i dužne pažnje. Trenutačno ne postoji međunarodno pravno uređenje klasifikacijskih društava koje bi definiralo njihovu odgovornost. Ta društva efikasno štite svoju pravnu poziciju ugovorima s brodovlasnicima. Klasifikacijska društva, jednako kao i brodograditelji, odgovorna su za štetu prouzročenu trećim osobama zbog nepažnje u obavljanju svojih poslova. Ta su društva izložena sudskim postupcima u različitim državama. Potrebna je međunarodna konvencija koja bi uredila ulogu i odgovornost klasifikacijskih društava i u tom smislu valja upozoriti na djelatnost Međunarodnog pomorskog odbora

Breakdown of the perturbative renormalization group for S >= 1 random antiferromagnetic spin chains

We investigate the application of a perturbative renormalization group (RG) method to random antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains with arbitrary spin size. At zero temperature we observe that initial arbitrary probability distributions develop a singularity at J=0, for all values of spin S. When the RG method is extended to finite temperatures, without any additional assumptions, we find anomalous results for S >= 1. These results lead us to conclude that the perturbative scheme is not adequate to study random chains with S >= 1. Therefore a random singlet phase in its more restrictive definition is only assured for spin-1/2 chains.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Physical Review

Influence of anisotropic ion shape, asymmetric valency, and electrolyte concentration on structural and thermodynamic properties of an electric double layer

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation results are reported for an electric double layer modelled by a planar charged hard wall, anisotropic shape cations, and spherical anions at different electrolyte concentrations and asymmetric valencies. The cations consist of two tangentially tethered hard spheres of the same diameter, $d$. One sphere is charged while the other is neutral. Spherical anions are charged hard spheres of diameter $d$. The ion valency asymmetry 1:2 and 2:1 is considered, with the ions being immersed in a solvent mimicked by a continuum dielectric medium at standard temperature. The simulations are carried out for the following electrolyte concentrations: 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 M. Profiles of the electrode-ion, electrode-neutral sphere singlet distributions, the average orientation of dimers, and the mean electrostatic potential are calculated for a given electrode surface charge, $\sigma$, while the contact electrode potential and the differential capacitance are presented for varying electrode charge. With an increasing electrolyte concentration, the shape of differential capacitance curve changes from that with a minimum surrounded by maxima into that of a distorted single maximum. For a 2:1 electrolyte, the maximum is located at a small negative $\sigma$ value while for 1:2, at a small positive value.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Double layer for hard spheres with an off-center charge

Simulations for the density and potential profiles of the ions in the planar electrical double layer of a model electrolyte or an ionic liquid are reported. The ions of a real electrolyte or an ionic liquid are usually not spheres; in ionic liquids, the cations are molecular ions. In the past, this asymmetry has been modelled by considering spheres that are asymmetric in size and/or valence (viz., the primitive model) or by dimer cations that are formed by tangentially touching spheres. In this paper we consider spherical ions that are asymmetric in size and mimic the asymmetrical shape through an off-center charge that is located away from the center of the cation spheres, while the anion charge is at the center of anion spheres. The various singlet density and potential profiles are compared to (i) the dimer situation, that is, the constituent spheres of the dimer cation are tangentially tethered, and (ii) the standard primitive model. The results reveal the double layer structure to be substantially impacted especially when the cation is the counterion. As well as being of intrinsic interest, this off-center charge model may be useful for theories that consider spherical models and introduce the off-center charge as a perturbation.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Bacterial colonization of seston particles in brackish waters (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal)

The frequency of attached bacteria, as percentage of total bacteria, in estuarine water of the Ria de Aveiro was determined over a seasonal range of temperature, seston, BOD, salinity and water depth. The frequency was inversely related to temperature only in the marine zone of the lagoon. No other associations could be established with environmental factors The broad spring-summer peak of total bacteria was not apparent in attached bacteria which showed an erratic temporal profile with an average frequency of 9 % (range 1 to 49 %] of total planktonic bacteria The bacterial coverage per unit area of particle surface was densest in small particles The density of coverage decreased sharply to values corresponding to 22,5 and 2 % in particles > 3 to 10, > l0 to 40 and > 40 to 140 pm in diameter respecitvely compared to the density of coverage of the > 1 to 3 pm size-class Colonized seston and sediment particles exhibited similar bacterial numbers per particle of each size-class and did not show tidal spatial 01 seasonal patterns of variation it is suggested that bacteria only seldom attach to particles in the water column of this lagoon and that resuspension of bottom sediments is the main factor governing the frequency of colonized particles in surface water

Household structure, family ties, and psychological distress among U.S.-born and immigrant Latino women

Latino women endorse the highest rates of past-month depressive symptoms relative to Latino men and non-Latino White men and women. Yet, research into the specific domains of family life that reduce or engender psychological distress among Latinas is sparse. We examine the hypothesis that indicators of household structure and family ties will relate to psychological distress among Latinas in the United States, and that these associations will vary by nativity status. We employed nationally representative data of Latina adults (N = 1,427) from the National Latino and Asian American Study. Nativity-stratified regression analyses revealed that strained family ties (i.e., family burden, family cultural conflict) were associated with greater levels of past-month psychological distress for both U.S.-born and immigrant Latinas. Yet, the effect of household structures on psychological distress differed by nativity status. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, lower levels of household income were associated with greater psychological distress; and having children in the household was associated with lower levels of psychological distress among U.S.-born Latinas. In contrast, for immigrant Latinas, being out of the labor force was associated with greater levels of psychological distress. Results suggest that dynamics of both the household and family context predict differential as well as similar mental-health outcomes across segments of the Latina population in the United States. These findings underscore the need to understand the pathways by which different facets of family life—structural and social domains—relate to mental-health status among subgroups of Latinas. Our results also have implications for the development of tailored interventions to meet the specific needs of Latinas

Corrections to scaling for diffusion in disordered media

We study the diffusion of a particle in a d-dimensional lattice where disorder arises from a random distribution of waiting times associated with each site of the lattice. Using scaling arguments we derive, in addition to the leading asymptotic behaviour, the correction-to-scaling terms for the mean square displacement. We also perform detailed Monte Carlo simulations for one, two and three dimensions which give results in substantial agreement with the scaling argument predictions

Rh alleles and phenotypes among Saudi women in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia

Background: The Rh system is considered as the most complex among the human blood group systems, with 61 antigens identified to date. This study aimed to provide preliminary data on the distribution of Rh alleles and phenotypes among Saudi women and compare them with other ethnic groups.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi women who visited the Maternity and Children Hospital of Hail from November 2019 to March 2020. A fully automated blood bank analyzer was used in determining the Rh subgroups (D, C, c, E, e) and phenotypes. Inferential statistics and chi-square tests were used appropriately for comparisons.Results: The study included a total of 500 Saudi female patients. The most prevalent antigen found was the “e” antigen, while phenotype CcDee has shown to have the highest frequency. A significant difference exists in comparison with the other studies from various ethnic groups.Conclusions: The prevalence and distributions of Rh alleles and phenotypes among Saudi women were revealed in this study. The findings showed that Rh alleles and phenotypes are diverse across various races and regions globally.Keywords: Rh allele; Rh phenotype; Rh system; Saudi Arabi

Direct estimation of prediction intervals for solar and wind regional energy forecasting with deep neural networks

Deep neural networks (DNN) are becoming increasingly relevant for probabilistic forecasting because of their ability to estimate prediction intervals (PIs). Two different ways for estimating PIs with neural networks stand out: quantile estimation for posterior PI construction and direct PI estimation. The former first estimates quantiles, which are then used to construct PIs, while the latter directly obtains the lower and upper PI bounds by optimizing some loss functions, with the advantage that PI width is directly considered in the optimization process and thus may result in narrower intervals. In this work, two different DNN-based models are studied for direct PI estimation, and compared with DNN for quantile estimation in the context of solar and wind regional energy forecasting. The first approach is based on the recent quality-driven loss and is formulated to estimate multiple PIs with a single model. The second is a novel approach that employs hypernetworks (HN), where direct PI estimation is formulated as a multi-objective problem, returning a Pareto front of solutions that contains all possible coverage-width optimal trade-offs. This formulation allows HN to obtain optimal PIs for all possible coverages without increasing the number of network outputs or adjusting additional hyperparameters, as opposed to the first direct model. Results show that prediction intervals from direct estimation are narrower (up to 20%) than those of quantile estimation, for target coverages 70%–80% for all regions, and also 85%, 90%, and 95% depending on the region, while HN always achieves the required coverage for the higher target coverages.This publication is part of the I+D+i project PID2019-107455RBC22, funded by MCIN /AEI/10.13039/501100011033. This work was also supported by the Comunidad de Madrid Excellence Program. Funding for APC: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Read & Publish Agreement CRUE-CSIC 2022