Two new species of Exobasidium causing Exobasidium diseases on Vaccinium spp. in Japan

Abstract Two new Exobasidium species on Vaccinium spp. in Japan are described and discussed. Exobasidium kishianum, which causes Exobasidium leaf blight on I/. hirtum var. pubescens and V. smallii, is characterized by its ellipsoid to ovoid basidiospores with (0-)1-3 septa. Its systemic infection is also observed. Exobasidium inconspicuum, cansing Exobasidium leaf blister on V. hirtum vat. pubescens, is characterized by its obovoid or ellipsoid to oval basidiospores with 0-4 septa. Mode of germination of the basidiospores is by germ tube in both species

On-line Identification of Electro-Conductivity in Electrolytic Solutions

An on-line method is proposed to identify electro-conductivity in electrolytic solutions. The method uses a model of a cell of electrolytic solutions in a micro reactor modeled by an electronic circuit. The circuit consists of a cell part with a resister and a capacitor connected in series and a measurement part having a resister. Then the resistance and the capacitance of the cell part are identified to calculate the electro-conductivity. The identification scheme is the least-square method with a forgetting factor calculated on-line. To avoid the effect of differentiation of measured signals, a filter is added to the identification method. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is shown by numerical simulation.</p

Air Traffic Efficiency Analysis of Airliner Scheduled Flights Using Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems Open Data

The increase in air traffic worldwide requires improvement of flight operational efficiency. This study aims to reveal the potential benefits, namely, savings on fuel consumption and flight time, which are expected for Japanese airspace, by statistically evaluating the operational efficiency defined by average differences of fuel consumption, flight time, and flight distance between the original and the optimized flight of domestic flights in Japan. The aircraft position and time data used in this study were obtained from Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems Open Data—the radar data released by the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau. Flight information, such as air data and fuel flow, is estimated by applying meteorological data and aircraft performance model to the position information of radar data. Each reconstructed trajectory is optimized in terms of flight fuel consumption and flight time with an assumed cost index (CI). Dynamic programming is used as the trajectory optimization method. The flight fuel consumption and flight time of the optimized flight are compared with the original values to evaluate the operational efficiency. Herein, approximately one-third of 1-day data, i.e., 1087 cases of four aircraft types, are analyzed with reasonable CI settings. Our research findings suggest that flight fuel consumption and flight distance can be saved by 312 kg and 19.7 km, respectively, on average for the object flights. Following a statistical comparison between the original and the optimized flights, it was observed that two types of features, namely, flying on a detoured path and flying with nonoptimal altitude and speed in the cruise phase, are major factors which deteriorate the total operational efficiency in terms of fuel consumption, flight time, and flight distance. Document type: Articl

Desymmetrization of acid anhydride with asymmetric esterification catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid

Asymmetric desymmetrization of σ-symmetric acid anhydrides was achieved with chiral phosphoric acid as a Brønsted acid catalyst. The key of success was finding of benzhydrol and 2,2-diphenylethanol as the nucleophiles of choice. The corresponding half esters were obtained in good yields with high selectivity

Integration of Movement Pieces into Dance : from a consideration on the use of video feedback in improving dance proficiency

In this study, the process of how students with comparatively less experience improve dance proficiency through video feedback was examined. The use of video feedback was proved effective in integrating each "movement piece" into "dance movement." In incorporating her version of the image, in other words world, into dance; subjective and positive inquisitiveness was found to be essential. Furthermore, as the student positively engaged herself in practicing dance, she spontaneously inserted "ma" (movement void) and "tame" (controlled timing) which are considered to add to cadence in the flow of movements, as well as to enable the audience to perceive "more than movements can tell."竹内洋学部長退官記念

Catalytic Chiral Leaving Group Strategy for Asymmetric Substitutions at sp3-Hybridized Carbon Atoms : Kinetic Resolution of β-Amino Alcohols by p-Methoxybenzylation

We developed a catalytic strategy for asymmetric substitution reactions at sp3-hybridized carbon atoms using a chiral alkylating agent generated in situ from trichloroacetimidate and a chiral phosphoric acid. The resulting chiral p-methoxybenzyl phosphate selectively reacted with β-amino alcohols rather than those without the β-NH functionality. An electronically and sterically tuned chiral phosphoric acid was developed to enable the kinetic resolution of amino alcohols, with good enantioselectivity, through p-methoxybenzylation

Inventory and Evolution of Mitochondrion-localized Family A DNA Polymerases in Euglenozoa

The order Trypanosomatida has been well studied due to its pathogenicity and the unique biology of the mitochondrion. In Trypanosoma brucei, four DNA polymerases, namely PolIA, PolIB, PolIC, and PolID, related to bacterial DNA polymerase I (PolI), were shown to be localized in mitochondria experimentally. These mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases are phylogenetically distinct from other family A DNA polymerases, such as bacterial PolI, DNA polymerase gamma (Pol&gamma;) in human and yeasts, &ldquo;plant and protist organellar DNA polymerase (POP)&rdquo; in diverse eukaryotes. However, the diversity of mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases in Euglenozoa other than Trypanosomatida is poorly understood. In this study, we discovered putative mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases in broad members of three major classes of Euglenozoa&mdash;Kinetoplastea, Diplonemea, and Euglenida&mdash;to explore the origin and evolution of trypanosomatid PolIA-D. We unveiled distinct inventories of mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases in the three classes: (1) PolIA is ubiquitous across the three euglenozoan classes, (2) PolIB, C, and D are restricted in kinetoplastids, (3) new types of mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases were identified in a prokinetoplastid and diplonemids, and (4) evolutionarily distinct types of POP were found in euglenids. We finally propose scenarios to explain the inventories of mitochondrion-localized DNA polymerases in Kinetoplastea, Diplonemea, and Euglenida