Comparing the maximal aerobic speed assessed with laboratory and field tests in soccer players

Investigating the differences between field tests used in practice and laboratory tests is important for accurate performance assessment in soccer players. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) obtained from the VAM-EVAL and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIR1), with an incremental (1km.h-1 per min) treadmill test in soccer players. Eighteen amateur male soccer players, were evaluated with the following tests: a) a treadmill test to directly determine values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and MAS (Treadmill); b) an indirect VAM-EVAL Test; c) an indirect YYIR1. The results demonstrated that the last speed, distance, and test duration values are significantly different among the tests . (p<0.05)]. The highest MAS value was recorded during the treadmill test (17.10 ± 1.38 km.h-1) which was significantly different from YYIR1 and VAM-EVAL tests (15.82 ± 0.66 and 14.33 ± 0.69 km.h-1, respectively; p<0.001). The analysis also showed that treadmill MAS value was significantly correlated with YYIR1 MAS (r = 0.656) and VAM-EVAL MAS values (r = 0.625), also YYIR1 MAS value was significantly correlated with VAM-EVAL MAS value (r = 0.662). It was concluded that the MAS and the VO2max values are significantly different among YYIR1, VAM-EVAL and selected treadmill protocol, and support the idea that they should not be used interchangeably. From a practical perspective, MAS seems to be more important for coaches than VO2max. Both laboratory and field tests can be useful for assessing MAS; however, field tests should be preferred for training purposes

The effect of isolated or combined small-sided games and speed endurance training on physical performance parameters in young soccer players

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of six weeks of small-sided games (SSG), speed endurance (SER) and combined SSG and SER (CT) training programs on sprint, repeated sprint, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) and level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) performance in young soccer players. Forty-one elite young soccer players (body height: 174.0 ± 7.5 cm, body weight: 59.7 ± 9.5 kg, age: 14.6 ± 0.5 years, training age: 7.4 ± 0.6 years) underwent anthropometric measurements before performing 10m and 30m sprint tests, repeated sprint tests, and Yo-Yo IR1 and Yo-Yo IR2. The players were then divided into four groups: the SSG group (SSG; n=11), the SER group (SER; n=10), the CT group (CT; n=11), and the control group (CG; n=9). All groups performed training for six weeks on two days out of the five training days the participants were undertaking. There was a statistically significant increase in the Yo-Yo IR1 and Yo-Yo IR2 test performances of players in SSG, SER and CT groups (p&lt;.05). In addition, players in these groups showed significantly higher percentage increases in Yo-Yo IR2 test performance compared to the CG. The CT group also had a statistically significant increase in Yo-Yo IR1 test performance compared to the CG (p&lt;.05). In conclusion, while this study shows that SSG and SER training can be used for physical performance development in isolation or in combination, coaches and sports scientists are advised to choose combined training to use training time more efficiently

Sevoflurane/remifentanil versus propofol/remifentanil for electroconvulsive therapy: comparison of seizure duration and haemodynamic responses

PubMed: 24398757Objective: To compare the anaesthetic and convulsive effects of sevoflurane/remifentanil versus propofol/remifentanil combination in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Methods: In this prospective, randomized double-blind study, patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression were included for ECT. Prior to treatment, 1 ?g/kg remifentanil was intravenously administered to all patients, followed by anaesthetic induction with either 0.5 mg/kg propofol or 8% sevoflurane. Following muscular paralysis with succinylcholine and hypnosis, bitemporal ECT was applied. Vital signs, depth of sedation, recovery parameters, motor and electroencephalography (EEG) convulsion activity and postictal suppression index scores were recorded. Results: A total of 120 sessions of ECT were administered to 12 patients. Heart rate was higher in the sevoflurane group than the propofol group. Compared with the sevoflurane group, bispectral index level was lower in the propofol group during the induction period and higher during the recovery period. Anaesthetic induction and recovery times were lower, and average motor and EEG convulsion activity was longer, in the propofol group than in the sevoflurane group. Conclusion: Propofol/remifentanil is more successful compared with sevoflurane/remifentanil in anaesthesia management during ECT since it provides quick induction and recovery, longer seizure activity and stable haemodynamics. © The Author(s) 2014

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy technique in a patient with situs inversus totalis

Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly. It mayproduce difficulties in diagnosis and therapeutic managementof abdominal pathology, particularly in laparoscopicsurgery because of the mirror-image anatomy. Here wereport a case of situs inversus totalis and cholelithiasissuccessfully treated laparoscopically.Key words: Situs inversus totalis, cholelithiasis, laparoscopiccholecystectom

A comparative analysis of the curriculum implemented in the village institutes

Village Institutes were educational institutions in Türkiye that were structured in line with the educational, economic, social and political needs of the period. They constituted an important dimension of the works carried out to develop the country economically propagate the newly founded republic and its basic principles to the public. These institutions aimed to train well-equipped village teachers to develop the villages and the villagers in every aspect. The teachers who graduated from these institutions also shouldered the task of strengthening the bond between the village and the villagers and the state and the republic. The curriculum that determined the education process of the Village Institutes was first put into practice in 1943. Educational activities were carried out in line with the "education in work, education for work, education with work" principle. The students were active and educational activities were done holistically in these institutions. Furthermore, the students had the opportunity to apply the knowledge they had learned in the culture courses for themselves and in the agriculture courses through technical courses. However, in these educational institutions, the curriculum diverged partially from this aforementioned main principle after 1947. In the 1947 curriculum, which was revised in line with the criticisms made for the 1943 program, the agriculture and technical courses were reduced, and the culture courses were increased. With the 1953 Teacher Training Schools and Village Institutes curriculum, the five-year education increased to six years and the technical and agricultural courses were greatly reduced. Since the Village Institutes were closed in 1954, this curriculum could not be implemented for a long time. For this reason, it would not be wrong to state that the 1943 curriculum was the curriculum which that was developed and implemented in such a way as to fully meet the basic aims and principles of the Village Institutes

The effect of maximal aerobic speed training combined with small-sided games on performance parameters in soccer

The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of maximal aerobic speed (MAS) training, small-sided games (SSG) training, and combined training (CT) on sprint, agility, lactate accumulation, repeated sprint, aerobic, and anaerobic endurance performances. Thirty under-16 male players participated in a 6-week randomized training study. Pre- and post-training all players completed a test battery involving body composition (body height and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-DEXA), sprint tests (10 m, 20 m, and 30 m), Yo-Yo 1 test, Arrowhead agility test, blood lactate test, and Yo-Yo 2 test. A global positioning system (GPS) was used for monitoring. After the pre-tests, the players were randomly assigned to three groups as MAS, SSG, and CT. Mixed two-way ANOVA was used to compare the pre-test and post-test performance of the three groups. While the CT group had higher changes in body composition, repeated sprint, aerobic, and anaerobic endurance parameters compared to the MAS training group (p.05). In conclusion, coaches and sports scientists are advised to choose CT for more efficient training, considering the differences between the MAS training and CT methods

The effectiveness of preemptive thoracic epidural analgesia in thoracic surgery

akdogan, ali/0000-0001-7592-3844; Erturk, Engin/0000-0002-5864-1754WOS: 000333347900001PubMed: 24745020Background. the aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of preemptive thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) comparing conventional postoperative epidural analgesia on thoracotomy. Material and Methods. Forty-four patients were randomized in to two groups (preemptive: Group P, control: Group C). Epidural catheter was inserted in all patients preoperatively. in Group P, epidural analgesic solution was administered as a bolus before the surgical incision and was continued until the end of the surgery. Postoperative patient controlled epidural analgesia infusion pumps were prepared for all patients. Respiratory rates (RR) were recorded. Patient's analgesia was evaluated with visual analog scale at rest (VASr) and coughing (VASc). Number of patient's demands from the pump, pump's delivery, and additional analgesic requirement were also recorded. Results. RR in Group C was higher than in Group P at postoperative 1st and 2nd hours. Both VASr and VASc scores in Group P were lower than in Group C at postoperative 1st, 2nd, and 4th hours. Patient's demand and pump's delivery count for bolus dose in Group P were lower than in Group C in all measurement times. Total analgesic requirements on postoperative 1st and 24th hours in Group P were lower than in Group C. Conclusion. We consider that preemptive TEA may offer better analgesia after thoracotomy

The effects of milled Tribulus terrestris, Avena sativa, and white ginseng powder on total cholesterol, free testosterone levels and testicular tissue in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet

This study examines the effects of milled Tribulus terrestris (TT), Avena sativa (AS), white ginseng (WG) and triple-combination (TC) powders on sexual dysfunction parameters - such as serum total cholesterol, free testosterone levels and histopathological changes in testicular tissue - in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. The study's animal matenal consisted of 42 male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-210 g divided into six groups. Group I was fed normal pellet feed, while the remaining groups were fed pellet feed containing 2% cholesterol. Group III, IV, V, and VI also received 0.6 g/kg/day of TT, 0.3 g/kg/day of AS, 0.2 g/kg/day of WG and 0.55 g/kg/day of TC (7.5% TT, 3.75% AS, 2.5% WG), respectively. After 90 days, the rats were sacrificed and blood and testicular tissue samples obtained. Serum total cholesterol and free testosterone levels were measured, and the Johnsen testicular biopsy score (JTBS) was calculated by a histopathological examination of testicular tissue samples. The high-cholesterol diet in Group II significantly caused increase in total cholesterol level and decrease in JTBS as compared to Group I. Although the groups' free testosterone levels were not statistically significant, WG and TC significantly prevented total cholesterol increase. TC significantly increased the JTBS compared to TT, AS and WG alone. Thus, it was concluded that TC might be particularly efficient for improving male sexual dysfunction

Alüminyum hidroksit ve magnezyum hidroksit katkısının termoplastik poliüretan malzemelerin mekanik özelliklerine etkisi

Thermoplastic polyurethane materials are widely used in automotive, clothing, electrical and electronics, medical, construction, machine industry due to excellent physical and chemical properties. Thermoplastic polyurethane materials combustion and resistance to high temperature characteristics are poor. Additives and fillers are added into the polyurethane matrix to improve those properties. Particularly adding these agents as a flame retardant are affect mechanical properties of polyurethane materials. Therefore, it is important to determinate the mechanical properties of these materials. In this study, 5% by weight of the thermoplastic polyurethane material, aluminium tri hydroxide (ATH, (Al2O3 3H(2)O)) and magnesium hydroxide (MgOH, (Mg(OH)(2))) were added. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as an intumescent flame retardant with inorganic flame retardants were added to increase the flame resistance of produced composite structure. Tensile test, tear test, hardness and Izod impact tests were made and compared of those produced composites. As a result of experiments the addition of ATH has lowered the tensile strength and tear strength contrast to this the addition of MgOH has improved those properties. Hardness and Izod impact test results were showed that both of the additives have no negative effect