15 research outputs found
Dataset on phytochemical screening, FTIR and GC–MS characterisation of Azadirachta indica and Cymbopogon citratus as reducing and stabilising agents for nanoparticles synthesis
The dataset for this article contains phytochemical and FTIR data
for three different extracts from two indigenous medicinal plants
obtained from Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria and the GC–MS
characterisation data for their ethanolic extracts. To obtain this
data, the leaves of Azadirachta indica and Cymbopogon citratus
were collected from the premises of Covenant University, Nigeria.
The plants were dried, pulverized and extracted with ethanol,
distilled water and ethanol:water (50:50), before phytochemical
screening (qualitative and quantitative), FTIR and GC–MS analyses
were carried out. The dataset provides insight into the presence of
bioactive phyto-constituents such as polyphenols and tannins as
potential precursors for green-based nanoparticle synthesis
Biogenic iron oxide nanoparticles and activated sodium persulphate for hydrocarbon remediation in contaminated soil
Biogenic iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized from a locally sourced, readily available
plant — Azadirachta indica, were used synergistically with sodium persulphate (PS)
to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in contaminated soil. A chemometric
approach to optimizing the conditions for the degradation of TPH was developed using
central composite design (CCD). Characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles was carried
out with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive
X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission
electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM),
and selected electron area diffraction (SAED). Analysis of TPH was carried out with
gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The optimum condition for
the complete degradation of TPH was achieved at pH 6.0 and oxidant dosage of 0.74
M within 14 h and 5 days. Iron nanoparticles AZA FeNP (1:1) and AZA FeNP (2:1)
were synthesized by varying the ratio of extract/precursor. The nanoparticles displayed
heterogeneous, amorphous morphology with increased agglomeration in AZA FeNP (1:1).
AZA FeNP (2:1) XRD spectra exhibited characteristic peaks at 27.0◦, 35.4◦ and 44.5◦,
which are attributed to iron nanoparticles. TEM and HR-TEM images confirmed spherical
nanoclusters’ presence with an average size of 9.3 and 10.0 nm for AZA FeNP (1:1) and
AZA FeNP (2:1), respectively. The EDX spectra displayed intense peaks of oxygen, carbon,
and iron at 0.4, 0.6 and 6.4 KeV confirming the presence of FeNP. Under optimized
conditions, PS alone degraded 68% TPH while 0.07 and 0.15 g/L FeNP achieved ∼93 and
95% degradation, respectively. Additionally, 0.07 and 0.15 g/L FeNP-activated PS achieved
∼99 and 100% TPH degradation, respectively. The outcome of these findings suggests
that FeNP synthesized using A. indica successfully catalyzed PS for complete degradation
of TPH in crude oil-contaminated soil
Qualitative analysis, total phenolic content, FT-IR and GCMS characterisation of Canna indica: bioreducing agent for nanoparticles synthesis
Within the framework of determining capping and stabilizing bioactive components
present in Canna indica towards nanoparticles synthesis, phytochemical screening, total
phenolic content, infrared spectroscopy and chromatographic characterisation were carried out
on the locally sourced plant. Extracts were prepared from C. indica leaves using ethanol, deionised
water (DW) and ethanol/DW in ratio 1:1. Qualitative screening showed the presence of
saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols and coumarins. Highest total phenolic content (TPC)
was observed in the aqueous fraction and least in ethanol fraction. Characterisation was carried
out using Fourier Transform - Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography - Mass
Spectrometry (GC-MS). Absorption bands observed from FT-IR analysis showed presence of
aromatic O-H stretch (3300 cm-1) and aromatic C=C stretch (1451 and 1640 cm-1) respectively.
GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extract indicated the presence of dl-.alpha.-tocopherol – a
phenolic compound
International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009
The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
A Comparative analysis of renewable energy use and policies: Global and turkish perspectives
The utilization of renewable energy sources (RES) has become inevitable, not only due to the increasing scarcity of fossil fuels, but also to sustain life on Earth. Consequently, countries have started developing renewable energy policies individually and as part of global organizations and networks, such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Union (EU) and the International Energy Agency (IEA). Turkey is a developing OECD member country and in the accession process to the EU. Thus, the renewable energy policies should be aligned with those of the EU. Moreover, despite the substantial amount and wide range of RES, it is still in a position to import more than half of its energy demand. In the light of these facts, this study aims to analyze and compare the renewable energy policies in Turkey with those adopted worldwide to lay out possible solutions regarding its energy problems