Immunosuppressive and anti-cancer potential of aqueous extract of Solanum Xanthocarpum

451-457In this study whole plant aqueous extract of Solanum Xanthocarpum (HAESX) was investigated to assess its effect on humoral immune response along with interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and its expression in Wistar albino rats splenocytes culture. Anticancer potential of HAESX was investigated using rat lever hepatoma (N1S1 cancerous cell line). The effect of HAESX over humoral immune response was studied using four groups of five animals each (Group-I as control, Group -II orally fed with 125 mg/kg body weight, Group -III orally fed with 250 mg/kg body weight and Group -IV orally fed with 500 mg/kg body weight of HAESX). Quantification of IL-2 was done by sandwich ELISA and its expression was detected by the real time PCR. SRB assay (Sulforhodamine B) was done for detecting the effect of HAESX on N1S1 cell line. Dose dependent decrease in antibody titer was observed and production of IL-2 was also decreased significantly. Suppression of IL-2 production at 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL dose was also confirmed by the Real time PCR. Relative fold change in the expression of IL-2 gene was 592.22 and 10.77 at 250, 500 μg/mL HAESX concentrations respectively with respect to control. Dose dependent suppression of percent growth of N1S1 cells with increasing concentrations (10, 20, 40 and 80 µg/mL) of HAESX was found. It was concluded that S. xanthocarpum have the immunosuppressive, and anti cancer activity that can be further explore in treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune disease

Electrophysiological abnormalities precede overt structural changes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy due to mutations in desmoplakin-A combined murine and human study

Anecdotal observations suggest that sub-clinical electrophysiological manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) develop before detectable structural changes ensue on cardiac imaging. To test this hypothesis, we investigated a murine model with conditional cardiac genetic deletion of one desmoplakin allele (DSP ±) and compared the findings to patients with non-diagnostic features of ARVC who carried mutations in desmoplakin

The apicomplexan plastid and its evolution

Protistan species belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa have a non-photosynthetic secondary plastid—the apicoplast. Although its tiny genome and even the entire nuclear genome has been sequenced for several organisms bearing the organelle, the reason for its existence remains largely obscure. Some of the functions of the apicoplast, including housekeeping ones, are significantly different from those of other plastids, possibly due to the organelle’s unique symbiotic origin

Cross-oncopanel study reveals high sensitivity and accuracy with overall analytical performance depending on genomic regions

BackgroundTargeted sequencing using oncopanels requires comprehensive assessments of accuracy and detection sensitivity to ensure analytical validity. By employing reference materials characterized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-led SEquence Quality Control project phase2 (SEQC2) effort, we perform a cross-platform multi-lab evaluation of eight Pan-Cancer panels to assess best practices for oncopanel sequencing.ResultsAll panels demonstrate high sensitivity across targeted high-confidence coding regions and variant types for the variants previously verified to have variant allele frequency (VAF) in the 5-20% range. Sensitivity is reduced by utilizing VAF thresholds due to inherent variability in VAF measurements. Enforcing a VAF threshold for reporting has a positive impact on reducing false positive calls. Importantly, the false positive rate is found to be significantly higher outside the high-confidence coding regions, resulting in lower reproducibility. Thus, region restriction and VAF thresholds lead to low relative technical variability in estimating promising biomarkers and tumor mutational burden.ConclusionThis comprehensive study provides actionable guidelines for oncopanel sequencing and clear evidence that supports a simplified approach to assess the analytical performance of oncopanels. It will facilitate the rapid implementation, validation, and quality control of oncopanels in clinical use.Peer reviewe

Cytokines modulating potential of <em>Neolamarckia cadamba</em> (Roxb.) Bosser

88-93Immunomodulatory activity of hot aqueous extract of Neolamarckia cadamba leaves with particular reference to splenocyte proliferation and induction of cytokines has been investigated using Wistar albino rat model. Study of hot aqueous extract (HAE) of N. cadamba leaves over cell mediated immune response was carried out using six groups (Gp-I as control, Gp-II treated with 20 µg/mL HAE, Gp-III treated with 50 µg/mL HAE, Gp-IV treated with 100 µg/mL HAE, Gp-V treated with 250 µg/mL HAE and Gp-VI treated with 500 µg/mL HAE) of Wistar albino rats containing six animals in each. In vitro cell mediated immune response was assayed by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) using Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated splenocytes in presence of different concentrations of HAE (20-500 µg/mL). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) were assayed in culture supernatant of splenocyte by sandwich ELISA in presence of different concentrations of HAE (20-500 µg/mL). In vitro study revealed dose dependent proliferation of Con A treated splenocyte. Augmentation in the proliferation of splenocytes reflects cell mediated immunostimulatory potential of HAE. Dose dependent significant decreased (p N. cadamba leaves regulate the networking of cytokines, suggesting its possible role in regulating the activity of immune system of host

Not Available

Mycobacterium avium subspecies Paratuberculosis- an important food borne pathogen of high public health significance with special reference to India: an update.Not AvailableICAR-CIRG Makhdoom Farah Mathur