Primary central nervous system lymphomas: Indian experience, and review of literature

Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are a rare form of non-Hodgkin\u2032s lymphoma which arise within and remain confined primarily to the central nervous system (CNS). They generally account for 1-2% of all primary brain tumors and are reported to be on the rise due to the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Aims and Objectives: To study the clinicopathological and immunophenotypic characteristics of PCNSLs and look for any differences in PCNSLs reported in India from those in other countries. Materials and Methods : All cases of PCNSLs between January 1998 and December 2006 were reviewed. Presence of lymphadenopathy, organomegaly and bone marrow study was done to exclude the possibility of secondary involvement by lymphoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology with Hematoxylin and Eosin and reticulin stains. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with leucocyte common antigen (LCA), CD 20 and CD 3 was performed on available blocks. The immune status was evaluated by clinical examination and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology (since 1996). Results : In a 19-year study period, there were 56 patients of PCNSLs, accounting for 1.07% of all intracranial neoplasms. The patients ranged from 10-75 years of age with a median age of 42 years. Barring one patient who was HIV positive, all the others were immunocompetent. All cases were diffuse large cell lymphomas on histopathology. IHC with LCA and CD 20 revealed positivity in 100% and 86.4% cases respectively. There was a single case of CD 3 positive T-cell lymphoma. In the present study, PCNSLs occurred in young immunocompetent patients and majority were diffuse large B cell lymphomas

Primary central nervous system lymphomas: Indian experience, and review of literature

Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are a rare form of non-Hodgkin\u2032s lymphoma which arise within and remain confined primarily to the central nervous system (CNS). They generally account for 1-2% of all primary brain tumors and are reported to be on the rise due to the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Aims and Objectives: To study the clinicopathological and immunophenotypic characteristics of PCNSLs and look for any differences in PCNSLs reported in India from those in other countries. Materials and Methods : All cases of PCNSLs between January 1998 and December 2006 were reviewed. Presence of lymphadenopathy, organomegaly and bone marrow study was done to exclude the possibility of secondary involvement by lymphoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology with Hematoxylin and Eosin and reticulin stains. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with leucocyte common antigen (LCA), CD 20 and CD 3 was performed on available blocks. The immune status was evaluated by clinical examination and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology (since 1996). Results : In a 19-year study period, there were 56 patients of PCNSLs, accounting for 1.07% of all intracranial neoplasms. The patients ranged from 10-75 years of age with a median age of 42 years. Barring one patient who was HIV positive, all the others were immunocompetent. All cases were diffuse large cell lymphomas on histopathology. IHC with LCA and CD 20 revealed positivity in 100% and 86.4% cases respectively. There was a single case of CD 3 positive T-cell lymphoma. In the present study, PCNSLs occurred in young immunocompetent patients and majority were diffuse large B cell lymphomas

Filosofia da moda e teoria da constituição: uma abordagem interdisciplinar entre a moda e o diálogo de Lassale-Hesse

The following article aims to discuss the linkage between fashion philosophy and the constitutional theory, making a base theory for the fashion law study in a jusphilosophical and constitutional bias. Therefore, it employs the inductive method and develops qualitative, exploratory and representative research, since it begins with a description of both fields to build a broad theory. It has the support of philosophy and law bibliographical references and also analyzes the Constitution. It comprehends the fashion philosophy is connected to the post-modern concept of identity, which represents the consumerism as a factor of differentiation and personalization. It understands the fashion changes and it’s receptions by the consumer follows a similar phenomenology as the one previewed for the Constitution by Lassale-Hesse. At last, it concludes the fashion philosophy and the constitutional law are related based on the pluralistic social values attributed to both areas field of study.O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir o paralelo entre a filosofia da moda e a teoria da Constituição, firmando uma base teórica para o estudo do direito da moda em uma perspectiva jusfilosófica e constitucional. Para tanto, emprega o método indutivo e elabora uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e representativa, uma vez que parte da descrição de ambas as áreas para construir uma teoria mais ampla. Tem suporte de referenciais bibliográficos da filosofia e do direito, além de empreender análise do texto constitucional. Compreende que a filosofia da moda está interligada ao conceito de identidade na pós-modernidade, o que é representa o consumismo enquanto fator de diferenciação e personalização. Entende que as mudanças da moda e sua aceitação pelo consumidor contemplam uma fenomenologia semelhante aquela da Constituição conforme a dialética de Lassale-Hesse. Ao final, conclui que a filosofia moda e o direito constitucional estão interligados pelos valores sociais e pluralistas que são atribuídos aos objetos de estudo de ambas as áreas.

Advanced Technologies for Oral Controlled Release: Cyclodextrins for oral controlled release

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are used in oral pharmaceutical formulations, by means of inclusion complexes formation, with the following advantages for the drugs: (1) solubility, dissolution rate, stability and bioavailability enhancement; (2) to modify the drug release site and/or time profile; and (3) to reduce or prevent gastrointestinal side effects and unpleasant smell or taste, to prevent drug-drug or drug-additive interactions, or even to convert oil and liquid drugs into microcrystalline or amorphous powders. A more recent trend focuses on the use of CDs as nanocarriers, a strategy that aims to design versatile delivery systems that can encapsulate drugs with better physicochemical properties for oral delivery. Thus, the aim of this work was to review the applications of the CDs and their hydrophilic derivatives on the solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble drugs in order to increase their dissolution rate and get immediate release, as well as their ability to control (to prolong or to delay) the release of drugs from solid dosage forms, either as complexes with the hydrophilic (e.g. as osmotic pumps) and/ or hydrophobic CDs. New controlled delivery systems based on nanotechonology carriers (nanoparticles and conjugates) have also been reviewed

Design and analysis of authenticated key agreement scheme in cloud-assisted cyber–physical systems

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. With advancements in engineering and science, the application dimensions of Cyber–Physical System (CPS) are increasing due to their improving efficiency, safety, reliability, usability and autonomy. By providing on-demand access to shared processing resources, cloud computing reduces infrastructure costs. Ensuring quality of service and information privacy and security is important in such environments. In this paper, we design a new authentication scheme related to the cloud-assisted CPS in two directions: (1) authentication between a user and a cloud server, and (2) authentication between a smart meter and a cloud server. In the former situation, any external party (user) can access the information stored in a cloud server provided that the user is legal and has the right to access information. In the later situation, a smart meter and a cloud server authentication is needed for secure communication of data stored in the cloud server. In both cases, both entities first mutually authenticate each other and only after successful authentication with the help of a trusted authority, establish a session key for their future secure communication. The proposed scheme deals with both the cases and provides high security as compared to other related works, which is shown through formal and informal security analysis. In addition, the mutual authentication using the widely-accepted Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic (BAN logic) and also formal security verification using the broadly-used Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) simulation tool demonstrate further that the scheme is strong in security. Finally, the proposed scheme is shown to be efficient in terms of communication and computation costs as compared to those for other related existing schemes

An efficient ECC-based provably secure three-factor user authentication and key agreement protocol for wireless healthcare sensor networks

We first show the security limitations of a recent user authentication scheme proposed for wireless healthcare sensor networks. We then present a provably secure three-factor user authentication and key agreement protocol for wireless healthcare sensor networks. The proposed scheme supports functionality features, such as dynamic sensor node addition, password as well as biometrics update, smart card revocation along with other usual features required for user authentication in wireless sensor networks. Our scheme is shown to be secure through the rigorous formal security analysis under the Real-Or-Random (ROR) model and broadly-accepted Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic. Furthermore, the simulation through the widely-known Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool shows that our scheme is also secure. High security, and low communication and computation costs make our scheme more suitable for practical application in healthcare applications as compared to other related existing schemes