The role of non-governmental organizations in providing curative health services in North Darfur State, Sudan

Background: Conflict in North Darfur state, Western Sudan started in 2003, and the delivering of  curative health services was becoming a greater challenge for the country’s limited resources. NGOs have played an important role in providing curative health services.Objectives: To examine the role that Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have played in providing curative health services, as well as to identify the difficulties and challenges that affect NGOs in delivering curative health services.Methods: Secondary data was collected from different sources, including government offices and medical organizations in Sudan and in North Darfur state. Primary data was obtained through interviews with government and NGOs representatives. The interviews were conducted with (1) expatriates working for international NGOs (N=15) (2) health professionals and administrators working in health sector (N= 45) in the period from November 2010 to January 2011.Results: The government in North Darfur state spent 70% of its financial budget on security, while it spent it less than 1% on providing health services. The international NGOs have been providing 70% of curative health services to the State’s population by contributing 52.9% of the health budget and 1 390 health personnel. Since 2003 NGOs have provided technical assistance to the health staff. As a result, more than fifty nurses have been trained to provide care and treatment, more than twenty-three doctors have been trained in laboratory equipment operation, and approximately six senior doctors and hospital directors have received management training. NGOs have been managing and supporting 89 public health facilities, and established 24 health centres in IDP camps, and 20 health centres across all the districts in North Darfur state.Conclusion: The NGOs have played an important role in providing curative health services and in establishing good health facilities, but a future problem is how the government will run these health facilities after a peaceful settlement has been reached which might cause NGOs to leave the region.Keywords: NGOs, curative health services, provision, North Darfur state, Suda

The Operationalizing of Lynch’s Cognitive Representation Elements of Large Scale Environments

The result of operationalizing Lynch’s (1960) cognitive representation elements of large scale environments is a set of images that can be employed in a research project identifying the various domains of the brain where each of Lynch’s (1960) elements occur. With such data, designing wayfinding within buildings: in urban habitats, and even within virtual worlds can be better realized. The research design will use Siegel and White’s (1975) model as a spatial representation of Lynch’s (1960) five elements of large-scale environments’ physical form. These contents of physical form are classified as followed: paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks. It is well-documented that other influences of spatial representation, such as the social meaning of an area, its function, its history, or even its name, play a part in the development of representations. Brain research indicates that three of Lynch\u27s contents: paths, edges, and landmarks are cognizable in the brain via neurons action potential of horizontal or vertical lines. Whereas what constitutes nodes and districts are, for the most part, spaces inhabited by other humans, thus associated with communication and socialization. The hypothesis states that cognitive activity in the brain, from observation of paths, edges, and landmarks, will be located in those neural domains seeking vertical and horizontal lines as compared to nodes and districts that will activate locales in the brain dealing with communication and socialization. The goal of the summer 2015 research grant .is to have a set of operationalized elements to employ as visual stimuli while conducting brain imagery employing fMRI. The researcher would partner with the Southern Illinois University Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences to conduct the fMRI research

A Secondhand Reflection R. Buckminster Fuller and Peter London

Dr. John Daniel Davey presented this article as a PowerPoint presentation during the inauguration of The Peter London Papers to the University of Illinois, Carbondale

From Collection Analysis, to Reimagined Spaces: How One Collection Management Project Led to Enhanced Student-centered Spaces

In October 2017, the CALD (Council of Academic Library Directors) reviewed a proposal for a cooperative approach to managing print collections. One objective in the proposal is to “[a]llow participating libraries to reclaim space for local needs and other purposes that are beneficial for their community members.” As more libraries evaluate their space needs versus maintaining large collections of print materials that are not circulating, this presentation will provide an overview of one academic library’s experience in reclaiming and repurposing space for much-needed teaching as well as learning spaces. This presentation will provide background on our collection analysis project, our original goals, our vision, and how a fortuitous need elsewhere on campus led to the development and completion of an entire new look on the second floor of the DeWitt Wallace Library, Macalester College in less than 8 months. Participants in this session will have an opportunity to imagine a space in their own libraries and identify how they might create “neighborhoods” for development; Neighborhoods being spaces such as those to reflect, tinker, meet, collaborate, learn, and showcase

Prosotsiaalse käitumise esinemissagedus ja motiivid Võrumaa 7.–9. klassi õpilaste hinnangul

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4496889*es

Prosotsiaalse käitumise motiivid erinevates sotsiaalsetes staatustes olevate III kooliastme õpilaste hinnangul

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4688541*es