196 research outputs found
Pathways to clinical CLARITY: volumetric analysis of irregular, soft, and heterogeneous tissues in development and disease
AbstractThree-dimensional tissue-structural relationships are not well captured by typical thin-section histology, posing challenges for the study of tissue physiology and pathology. Moreover, while recent progress has been made with intact methods for clearing, labeling, and imaging whole organs such as the mature brain, these approaches are generally unsuitable for soft, irregular, and heterogeneous tissues that account for the vast majority of clinical samples and biopsies. Here we develop a biphasic hydrogel methodology, which along with automated analysis, provides for high-throughput quantitative volumetric interrogation of spatially-irregular and friable tissue structures. We validate and apply this approach in the examination of a variety of developing and diseased tissues, with specific focus on the dynamics of normal and pathological pancreatic innervation and development, including in clinical samples. Quantitative advantages of the intact-tissue approach were demonstrated compared to conventional thin-section histology, pointing to broad applications in both research and clinical settings.</jats:p
Genetic Interaction of Centrosomin and Bazooka in Apical Domain Regulation in Drosophila Photoreceptor
Cell polarity genes including Crumbs (Crb) and Par complexes are essential for controlling photoreceptor morphogenesis. Among the Crb and Par complexes, Bazooka (Baz, Par-3 homolog) acts as a nodal component for other cell polarity proteins. Therefore, finding other genes interacting with Baz will help us to understand the cell polarity genes' role in photoreceptor morphogenesis. mutation on developing eyes to determine its role in photoreceptor morphogenesis. We found that Cnn is dispensable for retinal differentiation in eye imaginal discs during the larval stage. However, photoreceptors deficient in Cnn display dramatic morphogenesis defects including the mislocalization of Crumbs (Crb) and Bazooka (Baz) during mid-stage pupal eye development, suggesting that Cnn is specifically required for photoreceptor morphogenesis during pupal eye development. This role of Cnn in apical domain modulation was further supported by Cnn's gain-of-function phenotype. Cnn overexpression in photoreceptors caused the expansion of the apical Crb membrane domain, Baz and adherens junctions (AJs). photoreceptor
Azimuthal anisotropy and correlations at large transverse momenta in and Au+Au collisions at = 200 GeV
Results on high transverse momentum charged particle emission with respect to
the reaction plane are presented for Au+Au collisions at =
200 GeV. Two- and four-particle correlations results are presented as well as a
comparison of azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions to those in at
the same energy. Elliptic anisotropy, , is found to reach its maximum at
GeV/c, then decrease slowly and remain significant up to
-- 10 GeV/c. Stronger suppression is found in the back-to-back
high- particle correlations for particles emitted out-of-plane compared to
those emitted in-plane. The centrality dependence of at intermediate
is compared to simple models based on jet quenching.Comment: 4 figures. Published version as PRL 93, 252301 (2004
Azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at sqrtsNN = 200 GeV
The results from the STAR Collaboration on directed flow (v_1), elliptic flow
(v_2), and the fourth harmonic (v_4) in the anisotropic azimuthal distribution
of particles from Au+Au collisions at sqrtsNN = 200 GeV are summarized and
compared with results from other experiments and theoretical models. Results
for identified particles are presented and fit with a Blast Wave model.
Different anisotropic flow analysis methods are compared and nonflow effects
are extracted from the data. For v_2, scaling with the number of constituent
quarks and parton coalescence is discussed. For v_4, scaling with v_2^2 and
quark coalescence is discussed.Comment: 26 pages. As accepted by Phys. Rev. C. Text rearranged, figures
modified, but data the same. However, in Fig. 35 the hydro calculations are
corrected in this version. The data tables are available at
http://www.star.bnl.gov/central/publications/ by searching for "flow" and
then this pape
Rapidity and Centrality Dependence of Proton and Anti-proton Production from Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 130GeV
We report on the rapidity and centrality dependence of proton and anti-proton
transverse mass distributions from Au+Au collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 130GeV as
measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. Our results are from the rapidity and
transverse momentum range of |y|<0.5 and 0.35 <p_t<1.00GeV/c. For both protons
and anti-protons, transverse mass distributions become more convex from
peripheral to central collisions demonstrating characteristics of collective
expansion. The measured rapidity distributions and the mean transverse momenta
versus rapidity are flat within |y|<0.5. Comparisons of our data with results
from model calculations indicate that in order to obtain a consistent picture
of the proton(anti-proton) yields and transverse mass distributions the
possibility of pre-hadronic collective expansion may have to be taken into
account.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, submitted to PR
Two-loop QED radiative corrections to the decay pi0 -> e+ e- : The virtual corrections and soft-photon bremsstrahlung
This paper is devoted to the two-loop QED radiative corrections to the decay
pi0 -> e+ e-. We compute the virtual corrections without using any
approximation and we take into account all the relevant graphs with the
inclusion of those omitted in the previous approximative calculations. The
bremsstrahlung is then treated within the soft photon approximation. We
concentrate on the technical aspects of the calculation and discuss in detail
the UV renormalization and the treatment of IR divergences within the
dimensional regularization. As a result we obtain the O(alpha^3 p^2)
contribution in closed analytic form. We compare the exact two-loop results
with existing approximative calculations of QED corrections and find
significant disagreement in the kinematical region relevant for the KTeV
experiment.Comment: 48 pages plus 4 appendices (72 pages total), 26 figures; v3: new
chapter 9 with phenomenological discussion added, references added, minor
typos corrected; coincides with the journal versio
Quantum liquids resulting from quark systems with four-quark interaction
Quark ensembles influenced by strong stochastic vacuum gluon fields are investigated within the four-fermion interaction approximation. The comparative analysis of several quantum liquid models is performed and this analysis leads to the conclusion that the presence of a gas–liquid phase transition is their characteristic feature. The problem of the instability of small quark number droplets is discussed and it is argued that it is rooted in the chiral soliton formation. The existence of a mixed phase of the vacuum and baryon matter is proposed as a possible explanation of the latter stability
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J/ψ production cross section and its dependence on charged-particle multiplicity in p + p collisions at s=200 GeV
We present a measurement of inclusive J/ψ production at mid-rapidity (|y|<1) in p+p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=200 GeV with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The differential production cross section for J/ψ as a function of transverse momentum (p ) for
Disappearance of back-to-back high-p(T) hadron correlations in central Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV
Azimuthal correlations for large transverse momentum charged hadrons have been measured over a wide pseudorapidity range and full azimuth in Au+Au and p+p collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV. The small-angle correlations observed in p+p collisions and at all centralities of Au+Au collisions are characteristic of hard-scattering processes previously observed in high-energy collisions. A strong back-to-back correlation exists for p+p and peripheral Au+Au. In contrast, the back-to-back correlations are reduced considerably in the most central Au+Au collisions, indicating substantial interaction as the hard-scattered partons or their fragmentation products traverse the medium
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