Recovery of Cobalt and Lithium from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

In this research a combination of mechanical separation, reductive leaching and chemical precipitation are used to regain Li as Li2CO3 and Co as Co(OH)2 from waste lithium ion batteries. First batteries are dismantled and different component are separated. Anode and cathode foils are grinded and sieved to extract Al and Cu from spent battery powder. The separation efficiency for copper and aluminum are 97.68% and 84.41% respectively. The separated powder is leached with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution to dissolve cobalt and lithium. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, time, temperature, concentration of hydrogen peroxide and S/L on the leaching efficiency for cobalt and lithium are studied. Design of experiments by Taguchi method is used to determine experiments conditions, analysis the results, and identify the optimum leaching conditions. The optimum leaching conditions are 1.5 M acid concentration, 60 minute, 60 °C, 15% H2O2, and 40 g/l solid to liquid ratio. Leaching efficiencies of 94.07% Co and 98.15% Li are achieved with these optimum conditions. Leaching solution of the optimum experiment is used to recover cobalt as cobalt hydroxide and lithium as lithium carbonate by chemical precipitation. An equivalent volume of 4M NaOH is used to precipitate cobalt as cobalt hydroxide. After 1 hour 99.98%, Co is precipitated and collected by filtration and dried. After collection of the Co(OH)2 product, the remaining solution is treated with equivalent volume of "saturated solution" of Na2CO3 at 100 °C to recover lithium as Li2CO3. After 1 hour, 80 – 85 % Li is precipitated, filtrated and dried. Precipitation products are investigated with XRD, which confirmed that cobalt hydroxide and lithium carbonate are recovered from leaching solution

SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTHRACNOSE AND Turcicum LEAF BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN SORGHUM

Deployment of host resistance remains the most cost effective strategy for management of foliar and grain diseases, especially for resource constrained farmers. There is paucity of information on dual resistance in sorghum to both diseases. The objective of this study was to identify SSR markers associated with anthracnose and TLB resistance in sorghum for future use in markers assisted introgression. Mapping of resistance to anthracnose and Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) was undertaken in 126 F8:9 sorghum recombinant inbred lines, derived from a cross between MUC007/009 and Epuripuri. The F8:9 RILs were evaluated for field resistance to anthracnose and TLB in Uganda and Sudan. There were significant differences among locations (P<0.001), suggesting a strong influence of environments on reaction to both diseases. Transgressive segregation was observed, indicating that both parents carried minor loci or alleles for resistance that differed from each other. SSRs Xtxp25, Xtxp201, Xtxp302, Xtxp25, Xtxp295 and Xtxp95 were associated, respectively, with anthracnose and TLB resistance, consistent with dominant epistasis gene action. The SSRs Xtxp201 and Xtxp303 were associated with both anthracnose and TLB resistance. High polymorphic information content (0.44 to 0.59) and gene diversity (0.54 to 0.66) were observed. SSRs could be used to detect the dual resistant genotypes and, therefore, contribute substantive information to multiple disease resistance research of sorghum.Le d\ue9veloppement d\u2019h\uf4tes r\ue9sistantes demeure la plus efficace des strat\ue9gies de lutte contre les maladies foliaires et de grains, surtout en direction de petits producteurs \ue0 ressources limit\ue9es. There is paucity of information on dual resistance in sorghum to both diseases. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019identifier des marqueurs SSR associ\ue9s \ue0 la r\ue9sistance du sorgho \ue0 l\u2019anthracnose et la maladie de brulure foliare caus\ue9e par le Turcicum, dans une perspective d\u2019introgression de g\ue8nes assist\ue9e par des marqueurs. La cartographie des genes associ\ue9es \ue0 ces maladies a \ue9t\ue9 entreprise avec une population de 126 F8:9 lign\ue9es de sorgho (RILs), obtenues d\u2019un croisement entre derived MUC007/009 et Epuripuri. Les lign\ue9es F8:9 ont \ue9t\ue9 \ue9valu\ue9es en Ouganda et au Soudan pour leur r\ue9sistance \ue0 \ue0 l\u2019anthracnose et la maladie de brulure foliare caus\ue9e par le Turcicum. Des diff\ue9rences significatives (P<0.001) ont \ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9es entre les locations. Ceci montre que les facteurs environnementaux ont une influence majeure dans la r\ue9sistance \ue0 ces deux maladies. Une s\ue9gr\ue9gation transgressive a \ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9e, indiquant que les deux parents sont porteurs de diff\ue9rents loci mineurs ou all\ue8les de r\ue9sistance. SSRs Xtxp25, Xtxp201, Xtxp302, Xtxp25, Xtxp295 et Xtxp95 \ue9taient respectivement associ\ue9s \ue0 la r\ue9sistance \ue0 l\u2019anthracnose et \ue0 la maladie de brulure foliare caus\ue9e par le Turcicum, et ceci de fa\ue7on consistante avec un effet \ue9pistatique des g\ue8nes. Les SSRs Xtxp201 et Xtxp303 \ue9taient associ\ue9s \ue0 la r\ue9sistance aux deux maladies. Une part \ue9lev\ue9e de polymorphisme (0.44 to 0.59), et de diversit\ue9 de g\ue8ne (0.54 to 0.66) ont \ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9e. Les marqueurs SSRs pourront donc \ueatre utilis\ue9s pour d\ue9tecter des g\ue9notypes \ue0 double r\ue9sistance, et par cons\ue9quent, contribuer pour une grande part dans la recherche de r\ue9sistance multiple chez le sorgho

Influence of Fertilizer Microdosing on Strigolactone Production and Striga hermonthica Parasitism in Pearl Millet

Parasitism by the root-parasitic plant, Striga (Striga hermonthica L.), is a main threat to pearl millet production in sub-Saharan Africa and nutrient deficiency aggravates this problem, often leading to complete failure of pearl millet crops. Like many other species, pearl millet secretes germination stimulants (strigolactones) into the soil in response to mineral nutrient deficiency, which triggers Striga seed germination resulting in infection. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of different doses of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer on strigolactone production and Striga infection in three different African pearl millet cultivars (KBH, Sadore Local and Striga resistance). All the pearl millet genotypes produced varying amounts of different strigolactones like orobanchol, epi-orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate and 5-deoxystrigol, the level of which decreases with increasing doses of DAP. The control treatment (no DAP) showed maximum Striga germination, emergence and dry biomass production in all cultivars of pearl millet. Supply of DAP fertilizer up to 4 g per hill suppressed Striga germination by 69, 64 and 59%; emergence by 87, 85 and 95% and dry biomass by 91, 98 and 83% in cvs KBH, Sadore Local and Striga Resistance, respectively. The present findings reveal that DAP fertilizer minimizes strigolactones production and, as a result, reduces Striga infection in pearl millet. Low doses of DAP fertilizer is a promising strategy to lower the destructive effect of Striga on pearl millet. The use of small doses of DAP fertilizer combined with resistant crop cultivars, intercropping with legumes and hand pulling of Striga at flowering in an integrated Striga control strategy should be developed to help African farmers control this noxious weed

Next-generation sequencing for identifying pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

No abstract available.http://cid.oxfordjournals.orgam201

Measurement of the Charge Asymmetry in B→K∗(892)±π∓B\to K^* (892)^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}

We report on a search for a CP-violating asymmetry in the charmless hadronic decay B -> K*(892)+- pi-+, using 9.12 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity produced at \sqrt{s}=10.58 GeV and collected with the CLEO detector. We find A_{CP}(B -> K*(892)+- pi-+) = 0.26+0.33-0.34(stat.)+0.10-0.08(syst.), giving an allowed interval of [-0.31,0.78] at the 90% confidence level.Comment: 7 pages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS, submitted to PR

Study of the q^2-Dependence of B --> pi ell nu and B --> rho(omega)ell nu Decay and Extraction of |V_ub|

We report on determinations of |Vub| resulting from studies of the branching fraction and q^2 distributions in exclusive semileptonic B decays that proceed via the b->u transition. Our data set consists of the 9.7x10^6 BBbar meson pairs collected at the Y(4S) resonance with the CLEO II detector. We measure B(B0 -> pi- l+ nu) = (1.33 +- 0.18 +- 0.11 +- 0.01 +- 0.07)x10^{-4} and B(B0 -> rho- l+ nu) = (2.17 +- 0.34 +0.47/-0.54 +- 0.41 +- 0.01)x10^{-4}, where the errors are statistical, experimental systematic, systematic due to residual form-factor uncertainties in the signal, and systematic due to residual form-factor uncertainties in the cross-feed modes, respectively. We also find B(B+ -> eta l+ nu) = (0.84 +- 0.31 +- 0.16 +- 0.09)x10^{-4}, consistent with what is expected from the B -> pi l nu mode and quark model symmetries. We extract |Vub| using Light-Cone Sum Rules (LCSR) for 0<= q^2<16 GeV^2 and Lattice QCD (LQCD) for 16 GeV^2 <= q^2 < q^2_max. Combining both intervals yields |Vub| = (3.24 +- 0.22 +- 0.13 +0.55/-0.39 +- 0.09)x10^{-3}$ for pi l nu, and |Vub| = (3.00 +- 0.21 +0.29/-0.35 +0.49/-0.38 +-0.28)x10^{-3} for rho l nu, where the errors are statistical, experimental systematic, theoretical, and signal form-factor shape, respectively. Our combined value from both decay modes is |Vub| = (3.17 +- 0.17 +0.16/-0.17 +0.53/-0.39 +-0.03)x10^{-3}.Comment: 45 pages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS, submitted to PR

Search for CP Violation in D^0--> K_S^0 pi^+pi^-

We report on a search for CP violation in the decay of D0 and D0B to Kshort pi+pi-. The data come from an integrated luminosity of 9.0 1/fb of e+e- collisions at sqrt(s) ~ 10 GeV recorded with the CLEO II.V detector. The resonance substructure of this decay is well described by ten quasi-two-body decay channels (K*-pi+, K*0(1430)-pi+, K*2(1430)-pi+, K*(1680)-pi+, Kshort rho, Kshort omega, Kshort f0(980), Kshort f2(1270), Kshort f0(1370), and the ``wrong sign'' K*+ pi-) plus a small non-resonant component. We observe no evidence for CP violation in the amplitudes and phases that describe the decay D0 to K_S^0 pi+pi-.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, also available at http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/, submitted to PR

Measurement of Lepton Momentum Moments in the Decay bar{B} \to X \ell \bar{\nu} and Determination of Heavy Quark Expansion Parameters and |V_cb|

We measure the primary lepton momentum spectrum in B-bar to X l nu decays, for p_l > 1.5 GeV/c in the B rest frame. From this, we calculate various moments of the spectrum. In particular, we find R_0 = [int(E_l>1.7) (dGam/dE_sl)*dE_l] / [int(E_l>1.5) (dGam/dE_sl)*dE_l] = 0.6187 +/- 0.0014_stat +/- 0.0016_sys and R_1 = [int(E_l>1.5) E_l(dGam/dE_sl)*dE_l] / [int(E_l>1.5) (dGam/dE_sl)*dE_l] = (1.7810 +/- 0.0007_stat +/- 0.0009_sys) GeV. We use these moments to determine non-perturbative parameters governing the semileptonic width. In particular, we extract the Heavy Quark Expansion parameters Lambda-bar = (0.39 +/- 0.03_stat +/- 0.06_sys +/- 0.12_th) GeV and lambda_1 = (-0.25 +/- 0.02_stat +/- 0.05_sys +/- 0.14_th) GeV^2. The theoretical constraints used are evaluated through order 1/M_B^3 in the non-perturbative expansion and beta_0*alpha__s^2 in the perturbative expansion. We use these parameters to extract |V_cb| from the world average of the semileptonic width and find |V_cb| = (40.8 +/- 0.5_Gam-sl +/- 0.4_(lambda_1,Lambda-bar)-exp +/- 0.9_th) x 10^-3. In addition, we extract the short range b-quark mass m_b^1S = (4.82 +/- 0.07_exp +/- 0.11_th) GeV/c^2. Finally, we discuss the implications of our measurements for the theoretical understanding of inclusive semileptonic processes.Comment: 21 pages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS, submitted to PR