Anisotropic flow at RHIC

We present the first measurement of directed flow ($v_1$) at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). $v_1$ is found to be consistent with zero at pseudorapidities $\eta$ from -1.2 to 1.2, then rises to the level of a couple of percent over the range $2.4 < |\eta| < 4$. The latter observation is similar to that from NA49 if the SPS rapidities are shifted by the difference in beam rapidity between RHIC and SPS. We studied the evolution of elliptic flow from p+p collisions through d+Au collision, and onto Au+Au collisions. Measurements of higher harmonics are presented and discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Proceeding for the 20th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, Jamaic

Peningkatan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) Melalui Pendekatan Pendidikan Responsif Gender di Kabupaten Sumenep

This article aims to discuss increasing the human development index through a gender-responsive education approach. This article uses a library research approach with content analysis techniques. The results showed that the HDI of Sumenep Regency was still relatively low, namely that males were at 72.32% while females were at 58.38%. This figure illustrates that there are still significant differences between males and females. One of the indicators is the school average of 6.60% for boys and 4.63% for girls. This fact is still detrimental to women. Then the Gender Empowerment Index (IDG) in Sumenep is 60.99% better than other districts in Madura. IDG Sumenep data from 2010 to 2019 shows a fairly good increase, even better than other districts in Madura. However, this gap is still a development problem in the field of education in Sumenep.&nbsp; This study shows the revitalization of the human development agenda in the field of gender responsive education, especially in rural areas and islands. Development challenges in Sumenep are still faced with cultural praxis, some of which are not yet in favor of gender equality. The Sumenep government should be able to increase the human development index through gender responsive education, by making this study a recommendation to the relevant agencies. One of them is revitalizing the role of the education board, by optimizing the function of the education board as an advisory agency, supporting agency, controlling agency, and mediating agencyArtikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas tentang peningkatan indek pembangunan manusia melalui pendekatan pendidikan resposif gender. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan library research dengan teknik konten analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IPM kabupaten Sumenep masih relatf rendah yaitu laki-laki berada pada angka 72.32 % sementara perempuan 58.38 % angka ini menggambarkan bahwa masih terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Salah satu indikatornya adalah rata-rata sekolah laki-laki 6.60 % dan perempuan 4.63%.&nbsp; Fakta ini masih merugikan perempuan. Kemudian indek pemberdayaan Gender (IDG) di Sumenep adalah 60.99% lebih baik dari kabupaten lainnya di Madura.&nbsp; &nbsp;data IDG Sumenep dari 2010 sampai 2019 menunjukkan peningkatan yang cukup baik, bahkan lebih baik dari kabupaten lain di Madura. Kendati demikian kesenjangan ini masih menjadi persoalan pembangunan dalam bidang pendidikan di Sumenep. Studi ini menunjukkan revitalisasi agenda pembangunan manusia di bidang pendidikan yang responsif gender, terutama di wilayah perdesaan dan kepulauan. Tantangan pembangunan di Sumenep masih dihadapkan pada praksis&nbsp; budaya yang sebagian diantaranya belum berpihak pada kesetaraan gender. Pemerintah Sumenep seyogyanya dapat meningkatkan indek pembangunan manusia melalui jalur pendidikan responsive gender, dengan menjadikan kajian ini sebagai rekomendasi kepada dinas terkait. Salah satunya adalah merevitalisasi peran dewan pendidikan, yaitu mengoptimalkan fungsi dewan pendidikan sebagai advisory agency, supporting agency, controlling agency, dan mediating agenc

New Challenges to Hydrodynamics from Azimuthal Anisotropy at RHIC

This paper presents $v_{4}/v_{2}^2$ ratio as a function of transverse momentum ($p_{t}$), pseudorapidity ($\eta$) and collision centrality in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). It is found that $v_{4}/v_{2}^2$ is larger than Hydrodynamic calculations, the centrality and transverse dependence of this ratio can not be fully described by Hydrodynamics, and the pseudorapidity dependence is opposite to what one expects from Hydrodynamics. The $p_{t}$ dependence of $v_{1}$ is also presented. It is found that $v_{1}(p_{t})$ for $|\eta|<1.3$ changes sign, and two possible explanations of the sign change are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. CIPANP 06 proceedin

The Symptom Experience of Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: An Integrative Review

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with limited treatment options. More than 80% of pancreatic cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages and often have debilitating symptoms, making symptom management paramount, yet the symptom experience of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) is not well understood. Objective: The purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize the current evidence regarding the symptom experience of patients with APC. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted to identify the patient symptom experience in studies published from 2005 to 2015. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies used a quantitative approach; 44% were quasi-experimental, 31% were descriptive, and 25% were correlational. Physical symptoms, especially pain, were the primary focus in most studies. Fatigue, loss of appetite, and impaired sense of well-being were prevalent and reported by patients to be of high intensity. Few studies examined psychological symptoms in patients with APC, although anxiety and depression were noted. Conclusion: Findings suggest that physical and psychological symptoms are prevalent, some with high intensity. Preselection of symptom inventories limits our ability to fully understand the symptom experience of patients with APC. Future qualitative work is needed to provide a more in-depth understanding of symptoms, especially symptom quality and distress level, from patients' perspectives. More studies are needed to explore psychological symptoms and the interaction of physical and psychological symptoms. Implications for Practice: Findings help healthcare givers to better understand the symptom experience of their APC patients

Significance of Size of Lymph Node Metastasis on Postsurgical Stimulated Thyroglobulin Levels After Prophylactic Unilateral Central Neck Dissection in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

published_or_final_versionSpringer Open Choice, 28 May 201

PAIN AND ANXIETY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS

poster abstractBACKGROUND: Pain and anxiety are symptoms that frequently occur as co-related groups termed “clusters.” While it is known that pain may be associated with decreased quality of life (QOL), less is understood about the effects of anxiety on breast cancer survivors (BCS). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to: 1) determine levels of pain and anxiety in breast cancer survivors and 2) examine the relationship between anxiety and pain on quality of life in breast cancer survivors (BCS) controlling for age and time post-treatment. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: Ferrell’s Quality of Life Model guided this study. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used. BCS enrolled in a longitudinal cognitive behavioral study completed self-report questionnaires including the Medical Outcome Scale-Short Form, Pain Subscale, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Instrument (STAI) State Subscale to measure anxiety, and Ferrell’s QOL Instrument which measures Physical, Psychological, Social and Spiritual Well-being (higher scores indicating higher quality of life). Covariates of age and time post-treatment were controlled for. All data were collected at a baseline assessment before randomization in the cognitive intervention study. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and general linear regression. RESULTS: 88 female BCS averaging 57 years old (range 40-74; SD=8.54), primarily Caucasian (88.6%), college-educated (88%), approximately 5.3 (SD=4.0) years post-treatment participated. Cancer-related pain (4 lymphedema, 4 neuropathy) was specified by 8 participants. BCS reported low-moderate pain (x= 66.0114; sd = 22.348) and moderate anxiety (x̅=35.0227; sd= 8.7749). Clinically significant levels of anxiety (≥ 39 on the STAI-S where higher scores indicated higher anxiety) were reported in 24% of BCS. Age, anxiety, and pain significantly accounted for 45% of the total variance on QOL in the regression model (R = 0.45, F = 18.61; p = <0.000), controlling for age and time post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides support for the fact that both pain and anxiety are negatively associated with QOL. Anxiety is a significant long-term symptom for a sub-set of BCS which negatively impacts all dimensions of BCS quality of life. Findings indicate the need for comprehensive assessment of symptoms of anxiety in long-term BCS and the development of evidenced-based interventions to alleviate anxiety and improve QOL

Radio Galaxy Zoo: The Distortion of Radio Galaxies by Galaxy Clusters

We study the impact of cluster environment on the morphology of a sample of 4304 extended radio galaxies from Radio Galaxy Zoo. A total of 87% of the sample lies within a projected 15 Mpc of an optically identified cluster. Brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are more likely than other cluster members to be radio sources, and are also moderately bent. The surface density as a function of separation from cluster center of non-BCG radio galaxies follows a power law with index $-1.10\pm 0.03$ out to $10~r_{500}$ ($\sim 7~$Mpc), which is steeper than the corresponding distribution for optically selected galaxies. Non-BCG radio galaxies are statistically more bent the closer they are to the cluster center. Within the inner $1.5~r_{500}$ ($\sim 1~$Mpc) of a cluster, non-BCG radio galaxies are statistically more bent in high-mass clusters than in low-mass clusters. Together, we find that non-BCG sources are statistically more bent in environments that exert greater ram pressure. We use the orientation of bent radio galaxies as an indicator of galaxy orbits and find that they are preferentially in radial orbits. Away from clusters, there is a large population of bent radio galaxies, limiting their use as cluster locators; however, they are still located within statistically overdense regions. We investigate the asymmetry in the tail length of sources that have their tails aligned along the radius vector from the cluster center, and find that the length of the inward-pointing tail is weakly suppressed for sources close to the center of the cluster.Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables. Supplemental data files available in The Astronomical Journal or contact autho

Atom-by-Atom Substitution of Mn in GaAs and Visualization of their Hole-Mediated Interactions

The discovery of ferromagnetism in Mn doped GaAs [1] has ignited interest in the development of semiconductor technologies based on electron spin and has led to several proof-of-concept spintronic devices [2-4]. A major hurdle for realistic applications of (Ga,Mn)As, or other dilute magnetic semiconductors, remains their below room-temperature ferromagnetic transition temperature. Enhancing ferromagnetism in semiconductors requires understanding the mechanisms for interaction between magnetic dopants, such as Mn, and identifying the circumstances in which ferromagnetic interactions are maximized [5]. Here we report the use of a novel atom-by-atom substitution technique with the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to perform the first controlled atomic scale study of the interactions between isolated Mn acceptors mediated by the electronic states of GaAs. High-resolution STM measurements are used to visualize the GaAs electronic states that participate in the Mn-Mn interaction and to quantify the interaction strengths as a function of relative position and orientation. Our experimental findings, which can be explained using tight-binding model calculations, reveal a strong dependence of ferromagnetic interaction on crystallographic orientation. This anisotropic interaction can potentially be exploited by growing oriented Ga1-xMnxAs structures to enhance the ferromagnetic transition temperature beyond that achieved in randomly doped samples. Our experimental methods also provide a realistic approach to create precise arrangements of single spins as coupled quantum bits for memory or information processing purposes