How far are Fundamental, Basic Rights Morally Explicit in Constitutional Laws? (A Judicial, Constitutional Comparative Study)

The importance of the complimentary role of constitutionaljurisdiction in comparative constitutionalregimes is inherent in Basic, fundamental Rights and Public Freedoms and Liberties legislation. The acknowledgement of these rights morally is ambiguous in contemporary constitutionallaws. This study deals with how far the aforementioned rights are morally explicit in constitutional laws

The Control on In-Legislative Actions in Jordanian and Spanish Constitutions- الرقابة على الأعمال غير التشريعيـــة في النظامـيــــــن الدستورين الأردني والأسباني

The subject of Parliament actions needs more interest by Researchers, particularly those in-legislative ones, which mostly touch the individuals’ rights and freedom. In legislative actions -particularly the Parliament control, we see that efforts are paid to know whether such actions are constitutional or not, without any interest in the other section of these actions, i.e. the in-legislative ones. Accordingly, this article gives models of some developed practices in the field of controlling in-legislative parliament actions, in order that we can benefit from them to urge legislators to develop our Jordanian law in this fiel

The Constitutional Presumption as Basis for the Functioning of the Constitutional Judge

Constitutional law is one of the prime judicial institutions that aim to ensure proper legislative policy; therefore, the focus of the work of constitutional judges is to control the work of the legislature to protect the Constitution, including rights and freedoms of individuals. To protect the work of the legislature from the results of the constitutional provisions, the law is always issued in conjunction with the constitutional presumption. This presumption is the most important safeguard that enhances the confidence of Parliament emanating, on the one hand, from the popular will of the people and on the other hand, it constitutes a basis for the functioning of constitutional judges, not to mention the fact that it eases the burden on the constitutional judge. Therefore, the constitutional presumption plays a prominent role in support of the Parliament, the stability of the constitutional institution and strengthens confidence in it. It also achieves a balance between the democratic principle and control of the constitutionality of laws. Key words: constitutional jurisprudence, the presumption of constitutional, centralized and decentralized constitutional jurisprudence, constitutional complaint, referral, payment for unconstitutionality. Constitutional judicial error. Evidence in constitutional justic

The Legislative Formation of the Temporary Law of The Parliament Elections, An Analytical and Critical Study

The legislative drafting of any law is a standard for judging the adequacy of this law; the more marked the drafting of legislative precision and discipline of the law, the more responsive this law will be to the requirements of society, and the more equitable and effective it will be. The temporary 9/ 2010 Law of Election to the House of Deputies is one of the most important political laws that bear sensitivity to the popularity basis, where the outcome of a House of Deputies is able to carry out its constitutional duties in terms of oversight and legislation. With regards to the impact of legislative drafting of this law to achieve justice between the various social structures of the political people in Jordan, this study was to determine the analysis of the drafting of the temporary election law mentioned above, and to monitor the positive and negative aspects that have characterized the legislative drafting, both on the formal and the substantive aspects of the law. This study concluded that the drafting was characterized by quality, safety and in accordance with the legislative drafting of the formal aspects of the law, while not having much luck drafting the procedures for the substantive aspects. This was reflected and will be reflected upon the electoral process for the formation of the sixteenth House of Deputies, which requires the legislative authority to avoid defects in the legislative drafting of this law when discussing the temporary 9/ 2010 Law of Election to the House of Deputies. In order to become a law that reflects the reality of the Jordanian society, and to resolve legal problems raised by the idea of sub-circuits, or as sometimes called phantom constituencies which are alien to Jordanian electoral system and which led to election results that are not acceptable in the outcome of the current 16th Council

Constitutional Protection of the Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

Due to the significance of this subject, and due to its marginal status in the Arabic systems compared to its central status in the Western constitutional systems, this study sheds light on its constitutional characteristics including its nature and system in order to ingrain it in the Arab Constitutional min

The march of pluripotent stem cells in cardiovascular regenerative medicine

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Heart failure remains a major contributor to this mortality. Despite major therapeutic advances over the past decades, a better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of CVD as well as improved therapeutic strategies for the management or treatment of heart failure are increasingly needed. Loss of myocardium is a major driver of heart failure. An attractive approach that appears to provide promising results in reducing cardiac degeneration is stem cell therapy (SCT). In this review, we describe different types of stem cells, including embryonic and adult stem cells, and we provide a detailed discussion of the properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We also present and critically discuss the key methods used for converting somatic cells to pluripotent cells and iPSCs to cardiomyocytes (CMs), along with their advantages and limitations. Integrating and non-integrating reprogramming methods as well as characterization of iPSCs and iPSC-derived CMs are discussed. Furthermore, we critically present various methods of differentiating iPSCs to CMs. The value of iPSC-CMs in regenerative medicine as well as myocardial disease modeling and cardiac regeneration are emphasized

Atom-by-Atom Substitution of Mn in GaAs and Visualization of their Hole-Mediated Interactions

The discovery of ferromagnetism in Mn doped GaAs [1] has ignited interest in the development of semiconductor technologies based on electron spin and has led to several proof-of-concept spintronic devices [2-4]. A major hurdle for realistic applications of (Ga,Mn)As, or other dilute magnetic semiconductors, remains their below room-temperature ferromagnetic transition temperature. Enhancing ferromagnetism in semiconductors requires understanding the mechanisms for interaction between magnetic dopants, such as Mn, and identifying the circumstances in which ferromagnetic interactions are maximized [5]. Here we report the use of a novel atom-by-atom substitution technique with the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to perform the first controlled atomic scale study of the interactions between isolated Mn acceptors mediated by the electronic states of GaAs. High-resolution STM measurements are used to visualize the GaAs electronic states that participate in the Mn-Mn interaction and to quantify the interaction strengths as a function of relative position and orientation. Our experimental findings, which can be explained using tight-binding model calculations, reveal a strong dependence of ferromagnetic interaction on crystallographic orientation. This anisotropic interaction can potentially be exploited by growing oriented Ga1-xMnxAs structures to enhance the ferromagnetic transition temperature beyond that achieved in randomly doped samples. Our experimental methods also provide a realistic approach to create precise arrangements of single spins as coupled quantum bits for memory or information processing purposes