Decay of escherichia coli in soil following the application of biosolids to agricultural land

The decay of Escherichia coli in a sandy loam soil, amended with enhanced and conventionally treated biosolids, was investigated in a field experiment following spring and autumn applications of sewage sludge. Control soils, without the application of biosolids, were also examined to determine the background indigenous populations of E. coli which are present in the environment. The survival of indigenous E. coli and populations of E. coli applied to soil in biosolids, is assessed in relation to environmental factors influencing pathogen-decay processes in soil

豚精子の 5℃における生存性並びにアクロゾーム形態に及ぼすカフェイン, テオフィリンの影響(農学部門)

ETCG液を基本液とし, これにカフェインまたはテオフィリンを, 実験1では終末濃度0,10,20,30,40mM, 実験2では0,5,10,15,20mMとなるように添加した後, それぞれの液で豚精液を3倍に稀釈し, 5℃で1∿5日間保存試験を行い, 保存日数の経過に伴う精子活力, 活力回復時間, pH, アクロゾーム形態の変化について比較検討を行った。その結果, 全般的には保存日数の経過に伴いアナビオーシスからの回復が遅れる傾向が認められたが, カフェイン, テオフィリン添加区では無添加区に比べて明らかに高い活力を維持し, 活力の回復も早く, pHの低下も認められなかった。また添加区相互の間では, 5∿20mMの低濃度区の方が活力の回復が早く, 30∿40mMと濃度が高くなるにつれてアナビオーシスからの回復が遅れるが, 35℃で長時間高い活力を維持する傾向が認められた。さらにアクロゾームの形態変化に及ぼす影響を併せ考慮すると, 本実験におけるカフェイン, テオフィリン添加の適濃度は10∿15mMであると考えられる。The effects of caffeine and theophylline on the motility and on the acrosome morphology of boar spermatozoa stored at 5℃ were studied. Aliquot of semen were diluted at 30℃ with two volumes of ETCG diluents containing 10,20,30,40mM caffeine or theophylline in Experiment 1,and with those cnotaining 5,10,15,20mM caffeine or theophylline in Experiment 2. Diluted samples were gradually cooled to 5℃. After storage of the sample for 1-5 days at 5℃, sperm motility from anabiosis by incubation at 35℃ and acrosome morphology were assessed. Caffeine and theophylline improved sperm motility markedly during storage at 5℃ and shortened the recovery time from anabiosis. In these experimental conditions, 5-20mM caffeine and theophylline recovered motility sooner, while 30-40mM caffeine and theophylline took more time for recovery but maintained high motility longer. On the contrary, addition of caffeine and theophylline seemed to increase acrosome deterioration slightly. The addition of 10-15mM caffeine and theophylline seemed to be most effective in these experimental conditions

GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

In 2012, genetically engineered (GE) crops were grown by 17.3 million farmers on over 170 million hectares. Over 70% of harvested GE biomass is fed to food producing animals, making them the major consumers of GE crops for the past 15 plus years. Prior to commercialization, GE crops go through an extensive regulatory evaluation. Over one hundred regulatory submissions have shown compositional equivalence, and comparable levels of safety, between GE crops and their conventional counterparts. One component of regulatory compliance is whole GE food/feed animal feeding studies. Both regulatory studies and independent peer-reviewed studies have shown that GE crops can be safely used in animal feed, and rDNA fragments have never been detected in products (e.g. milk, meat, eggs) derived from animals that consumed GE feed. Despite the fact that the scientific weight of evidence from these hundreds of studies have not revealed unique risks associated with GE feed, some groups are calling for more animal feeding studies, including long-term rodent studies and studies in target livestock species for the approval of GE crops. It is an opportune time to review the results of such studies as have been done to date to evaluate the value of the additional information obtained. Requiring long-term and target animal feeding studies would sharply increase regulatory compliance costs and prolong the regulatory process associated with the commercialization of GE crops. Such costs may impede the development of feed crops with enhanced nutritional characteristics and durability, particularly in the local varieties in small and poor developing countries. More generally it is time for regulatory evaluations to more explicitly consider both the reasonable and unique risks and benefits associated with the use of both GE plants and animals in agricultural systems, and weigh them against those associated with existing systems, and those of regulatory inaction. This would represent a shift away from a GE evaluation process that currently focuses only on risk assessment and identifying ever diminishing marginal hazards, to a regulatory approach that more objectively evaluates and communicates the likely impact of approving a new GE plant or animal on agricultural production systems

Evaluation of five-year set-aside scheme Final report

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:GPC/03323 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Organic farming conference

Unbound papers in a folderAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:GPB-10232 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Review 1993

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:7785.933(1993) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Forward with blueprints Developing world class dairy businesses

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:GPE/0465 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Meadows History, ecology and management

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:GPE/0490 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Prediction of the energy value of compound feeds

Report of an UKASTA/ADAS/COSAC working partyAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:99/16052 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo