Effect of poultry manure and cow dung on the growth of Entandrophragma Angolense (WELW) C.DC

This study examined the effect of poultry manure and cow dung on the growth of Entandrophragma angolense. The experiment was carried out at Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Three weeks old seedlings at two-leaf stage were transplanted into  polythene pots thoroughly mixed with varying levels of poultry manure and cow dung manure with 2 kg of top soil in each pot. Plants in control experiment had no treatment of organic fertilizer. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments  which were replicated three times. Plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, and leaf area were assessed weekly. The result obtained from the study shows that the seedlings treated with 10 g of cow dung performed best in all the parameters assessed with 11.73 cm for stem height, 30.58 cm2 for leaf area, 0.29 mm for stem girth and 6 for number of leaves produced and this is followed by seedlings treated with 10 g of poultry  dropping which had 11.52 cm for stem height, 26.48 cm2 for leaf area, 0.27 mm as stem girth and 5 leaves produced during the course of the study. It is thus concluded that cow dung is best used as organic manure for raising seedlings of Entandrophragma angolense during its early growth stage in the nursery. Keywords: Entandrophragma angolense, poultry manure, cow-dung, growth rate, mahogan

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF THE SEEDS AND FRUITS OF THREE CUCURBITS.

A comparative study was carried out on the phytochemical cotent of the seeds and fruits of Cucumismelo(L.), Lagenariabreviflora(Benth) and Citrulluslanatus(Thunb). Phytochemical analysis of air-dried, powderedepicarp, mesocarp and seeds of the mature fruits were carried out using standard procedures. Data on phytochemical characteristics were collected andsubjected totwo - way analysis of variance (ANOVA)at p<0.05. Means were compared using LSD. Phytochemicals such as glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phlobatanin, anthraquinone and saponin were detected in the epicarp, mesocarp and seeds of the Cucurbits under investigation

NUTRITIONAL STUDY ON THE SEEDS AND FRUITS OF THREE CUCURBITS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA.

A comparative study was carried out on the nutritional contents of the seeds and fruits of Cucumis melo (L.),Lagenaria breviflora (Benth) and Citrullus lanatus (Thunb). Proximate composition, Vitamin C content and phytochemical analysis of air-dried, powdered epicarp, mesocarp and seeds of the mature fruits were also carried out using standard procedures. Data on nutritional and phytochemical characteristics were collected andsubjected totwo - way analysis of variance (ANOVA)at p<0.05. Means were compared using LSD.Total sugar and vitamins C were detected in the other parts of the fruits except the seeds in the three Cucurbits. Percentage dry matter, fat, ash and crude protein were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the seeds than in the epicarp and mesocarp. Crude fibre was highest in the epicarp for C. melo(1.75 0.13), L. breviflora (1.85 0.07)and C. lanatus (2.18 0.07)

Effect of sowing depth on growth performance of selected members of the family Cucurbitaceae

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the agronomical responses of Citrullus colocynthis, Luffa cylindrica and Citrullus lanatus to varying sowing depths (2, 4, 6 and 8 cm). Agronomic parameters such as number of leaves, fruit weight, leaf area, vine length and width were taken. The Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) and Leaf Area Ratio (LAR) for each cucurbit were determined from the data on leaf area and dry weight of seedling. The number of leaves and vines, vine length and width of cucurbits at 2 cm soil depth increased significantly compared with those at 8 cm. However, agronomical responses of the cucurbits at 2 cm soil depth were similar to those at 4 cm. At 2 cm sowing depth, the fruit weight of C. lanatus, L. cylindrica and C. colocynthis increased by 47%, 35% and 20%, respectively compared with those at 8 cm. Also, the RGR, NAR and LAR of C. colocynthis, L. cylindrica and C. lanatus at 2 cm sowing depth increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) compared with those at 8 cm. The findings showed that the vegetative and physiological characteristics of C. colocynthis, L. cylindrica and C. lanatus increased when sown at depths of 2 - 4 cm

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

EFFECTS OF WATER STRESS AND ORGANIC NITROGEN ON THE LEAF AND MINERAL CONTENTS OF TOMATO(Lycopersicon esculentum(L.)) VARIETIES

The effects of water stress on leaf and mtneral composition of tomato ( Lycoperstcon esculentum) varieties were investigated . The three varieties of tomato used were Beske. lbadan Local and Roma VF sourced from local market at Jbadan. A 3 x 3 x 4 factorial experiment in a completely random1zed design (CRO) was used for the expenment. All data collected were subJected to Analysis ofVanance and the s1gn1ficant means were separated using the Least Stgniticant Difference {LSD) at 5% probability levei.The difference in the leaf nutnent content was not stgnificant (P<O 05) ""-tthm the vanettes. Roma VF had the htghest concentrations of nitrogen (2 61 %) phosphorus (0 62%). calctum (3 18%) and potassium (2 02%). Jbadan Local had the highest manganese (134 ppm) and tron (133 55 ppm) whtle Beske had the highest copper ( 17.29 ppm) and zmc (28. 17 ppm). The results showed that mcrease tn organic nitrogen increased the concentration of calcium, sodium and copper whtle the concentrallons of mtrogen, phosphorus, magnesium. potassium. 1ron and zinc decreased The mvesugauon al~o revealed that the concentrations of nitrogen (2 .86C:C), potassium C 16C:C), manganese ( 134.88ppm), copper (17.37ppm) and 7inc (31.95ppm) ""ere h1ghest at 25 °Cl field capacity while the concentration of phosphorus (0 54%), calcium (2.92CC:) and magnesium {0 50'1-1 were htghest at 100% field ~:apacity but the concentration of iron (137.59 ppm) \\:l.S the htghesl al 50% field capacity. The study showed that water is a ltmittng factor for proper ph) :.•olo_gJcal gro\' Lh performance of tomato vanettc

Seed germination and seedling growth of the Mexican sunflower Tithonia diversifolia (Compositae) in Nigeria, Africa

We studied seed germination and seedling growth of the Mexican sunflower Tithonia diversifolia in Nigeria. This involved the usage of some dormancy-releasing methods and the effect of some concentrations of three herbicide formulations on the young seedlings. Initial germination tests on fresh and stored seeds revealed a low percentage germination of less than 30%. The seeds of the weed exhibit dormancy. Subjecting the seeds to wet heat at 80 and 100oC and light treatment terminated dormancy both in the fresh and stored seeds. Light greatly enhanced the germination percentage of seeds by about 70%. There was gradual increase in germination percentage with increase in storage period in dormancy-released seeds. The mean LAR (Leaf Area Ratio), NAR (Net Assimilation Rate) and RGR (Relative Growth Rate) are comparatively high in young seedlings. Concentrations of 0.5-2.0% of Gramoxone, Primextra and Galex are toxic to 1 month old seedlings. For eradication, the seedlings should be attacked at one month stage. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54(2): 385-402. Epub 2006 Jun 01.Se estudió la germinación y crecimiento de las plántulas del girasol mexicano Tithonia diversifolia. Se usaron métodos de periodo de latencia y germinación, y el efecto de varias concentraciones de tres herbicidas sobre las plántulas jóvenes. Las pruebas iniciales de germinación con semillas frescas y almacenadas revelaron un bajo porcentaje de germinación (30%). Las semillas de malezas permanecieron latentes. Al someter las semillas a tratamientos de calor húmedo de 80 y 100oC y luz se terminó con el periodo de latencia en las semillas frescas y en las almacenadas. La luz aumentó el porcentaje de germinación a cerca del 70%. Hubo un incremento gradual en el porcentaje de germinación en el periodo de almacenamiento en las semillas salidas de la latencia. Los promedios de cociente de área foliar, tasa neta de asimilación y tasa de crecimiento relativo son comparativamente altos en las plántulas jóvenes. Las concentraciones de 0.5-2.0% de Gramoxone, Primextra y Galex son tóxicas para las plántulas de un mes de edad

Lezione 1 Canale B

Plant species with unusual taste properties such as bitterness, sourness or sweetness and others with a taste- modifying components; have long been known to man, although their exploitation has been limited. Exponential growth in the number of patients suffering from diseases caused by the consumption of sugar has become a threat to mankind's health. Artificial low calorie sweeteners available in the market may have severe side effects. It takes time to figure out the long term side effects and by the time these are established, they are replaced by a new low calorie sweetener. Saccharine has been used for centuries to sweeten foods and beverages without calories or carbohydrate. It was also used on a large scale during the sugar shortage of the two world wars but was abandoned as soon as it was linked with the development of bladder cancer. Naturally occurring sweet and taste modifying proteins (Thaumatin, Curculin, Miraculin, Brazzein, Pentadin, Monellin, Mabinlin) present in  plants such as Thaumatococcus daniellii (Marantaceae), Curculigo latifolia (Hypoxidaceae), Synsepalum dulcificum (Sapotaceae), Pentadiplandra brazzeana (Pentadiplandraceae), Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Menispermaceae), Capparis masaikai (Capparaceae) are being seen as potential replacements for the currently available artificial low calorie sweeteners. Most protein sweetener plants such as S. dulcificum, P. brazzeana, C. masaikai, are shrubs; C. latifolia, T. danielli, are perennial herbs while D. Cumminsii is an annual liana