Rosiglitazone decreases intra- to extramyocellular fat ratio in obese non-diabetic adults with metabolic syndrome

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Background Insulin resistance is intrinsically related to intramyocellular (IMCL) rather than extramyocellular (EMCL) triglyceride content. Conflicting results have been reported on the ability of insulin sensitizer agents, such as thiazolidinediones, to modify muscle fat distribution. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of rosiglitazone on muscle fat compartment distribution in an adult population of obese non-diabetic metabolic syndrome patients. Patients and methods Fifteen obese, non-diabetic, metabolic syndrome patients were studied by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopy before and after treatment with rosiglitazone 8 mg/day for 6 months. Anthropometrical and metabolic variables were assessed. Results After rosiglitazone, body weight and hip circumference increased [100.9 (91.12-138.7) vs. 107.0 (79.6-142.8) kg and 118 (107-126) vs. 122 (110-131) cm]; while waist-hip ratio (WHR) decreased from 0.93 (0.87-1.00) to 0.89 (0.82-0.97) (P < 0.001 for all). Additionally, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) significantly decreased while adiponectin increased over threefold [9.7 (3.7-17.7) vs. 38.0 (19.3-42.4) mu g/ml] without any changes in resistin. Finally, the IMCL did not change [267.54 (213.94-297.94) vs. 305.75 (230.80-424.75) arbitrary units (AU), P = 0.15] while the EMCL increased [275.53 (210.39-436.66) vs. 411.39 (279.92-556.59) AU; P < 0.01] therefore decreasing the IMCL-to-EMCL (IMCL/EMCL) ratio [1.07 (0.78-1.23) vs. 0.71 (0.53-0.96); P < 0.01]. Conclusion Rosiglitazone treatment increased body weight and hip circumference and decreased WHR. More importantly, it decreased the IMCL/EMCL ratio by increasing the EMCL without any significant change on the IMCL.2712329Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Research Supporting Agency of Rio de Janeiro State [E-26/150.141/99, E-26/170.522/00]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPq [CNPq 52 1850/96-7]Research Supporting Agency of Rio de Janeiro State [E-26/150.141/99, E-26/170.522/00

Obesity as Assessed by Body Adiposity Index and Multivariable Cardiovascular Disease Risk

To assess the role of body adiposity index (BAI) in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, in comparison with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the waist circumference to hip circumference ratio (WHR). This study was a prospective 15 year mortality follow-up of 4175 Australian males, free of heart disease, diabetes and stroke. The Framingham Risk Scores (FRS) for CHD and CVD death were calculated at baseline for all subjects. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the effects of the measures of obesity on CVD and CHD mortality, before adjustment and after adjustment for FRS. The predictive ability of BAI, though present in the unadjusted analyses, was generally not significant after adjustment for age and FRS for both CVD and CHD mortality. BMI behaved similarly to BAI in that its predictive ability was generally not significant after adjustments. Both WC and WHR were significant predictors of CVD and CHD mortality and remained significant after adjustment for covariates. BAI appeared to be of potential interest as a measure of % body fat and of obesity, but was ineffective in predicting CVD and CHD

Adiponectin is associated with improvement of endothelial function after rosiglitazone treatment in non-diabetic individuals with metabolic syndrome

Objective: The risks of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) rely on the interaction between insulin resistance, metabolic abnormalities, inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Insulin sensitizers counteract some of these abnormalities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of rosiglitazone (ROSI) on vascular reactivity, adipokines and inflammatory markers in a group of non-diabetic subjects with MetSyn. Methods and results: Thirty subjects with NCEP-ATPIII criteria for MetSyn and eight healthy subjects were studied at baseline and 18 subjects with MetSyn were treated with ROSI 8 mg/day for 24 weeks. Venous occlusion plethysmography exams before and during intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were performed to assess endothelial-dependent and independent vasodilation. Forearm blood flow (171317) and vascular resistance (VR) responses were analyzed. Treatment with ROSI improved endothelial function (235% increment in FBF; p < 0.01 and 56% decrement in VR; p = 0.01), adiponectin (7.3[3.6-17.9] versus 37.9[19.3-42.4]; p < 0.01), HOMA-IR (3.5 +/- 1.2 versus 2.7 +/- 1.6; p < 0.05), C-reactive protein (CRP) (1.05[0.57-2.07] versus 0.3[0.2-0.8]; p < 0.01) and fibrinogen (3.1 +/- 0.73 versus 2.62 +/- 0.64; p < 0.05) levels. The difference between groups on endothelial-dependent vasodilation, adiponectin and CRP levels disappeared after treatment and the improvement of endothelial function was associated with the increment of adiponectin levels. Conclusion: ROSI treatment restored endothelial function in MetSyn subjects, probably through an adiponectin-mediated process. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.195113814

Adiponectin is related to intramyocellular lipid content in non-diabetic adults

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and low serum adiponectin (ADP) levels and ADP is also involved in muscle fat oxidation. However, the relationship between ADP and IMCL content is still controversial and in this study we explored it further in non-diabetic adults. Design: Cross-sectional clinical study. Subjects: Thirty-three adult subjects, 24 obese non-diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and 9 lean healthy controls. Measurements: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-NMRS) was performed to quantify IMCL content. The latter plus serum ADP, anthropometrics and biochemical parameters were evaluated and compared in these 2 groups. Results: MS patients had higher body mass index, waist, waist-to-hip ratio, glucose, insulin, and triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol (HDL(c)) compared to controls. Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) [3.25 (2.58-4.13) vs 1.02 (0.73-1.29); p<0.0001] and IMCL content [266.1 (189.9-296.3) vs 72.85 (55.3-109.4) AU, p<0.0001] were higher, and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICK!) [0.32 (0.31-0.33) vs 0.38 (0.37-0.40); p<0.0001] and ADP [8.6 (4.05-15.95) vs 21.1 (12.9-24.4) mu g/ml; p=0.02] were lower in MS subjects compared to controls. IMCL content was directly associated to glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR and inversely to HDLc, QUICK! and, more importantly, to ADP (r=-0.41; p<0.05). Only in the MS group, ADP partially influenced IMCL content. Conclusion: ADP is inversely related to IMCL content in non-diabetic adults. This finding has possible implications for the role of ADP in muscle fat oxidation, IR, and MS. (J. Endocrinol. Invest. 33: 382-387, 2010) (C)2010, Editrice Kurtis336382387Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPq [CNPq]Research Supporting Agency of Rio de Janeiro State (FAPERJ) [E-26/150.141/99, E-26/170.522/00