Reappraisal of Metformin Efficacy in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Catherine Cornu and colleagues performed a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of metformin efficacy on cardiovascular morbidity or mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and showed that although metformin is considered the gold standard, its benefit/risk ratio remains uncertain

A BBR-based Congestion Control for Delay-sensitive Real-time Applications

The current User Datagram Protocol (UDP) causes unfairness and bufferbloats to delay sensitive applications due to the uncontrolled congestion and monopolization of available bandwidth.This causes call drops and frequent communication/connection loss in delay sensitive applications such as VoIP. We present a Responsive Control Protocol using Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round trip propagation time (RCP-BBR) as an alternate solution to UDP. RCP-BBR achieves low latency, high throughput, and low call drops ratio by efficiently customizing Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (TCP-BBR) congestion control. We conducted comprehensive experiments, and the results show that proposed protocol achieves better throughput over UDP in stable networks. Moreover, in unstable and long-distanced networks, RCP-BBR achieved smaller queues in deep buffers and lower delays as compared to UDP, which performed poorly by keeping delays above the call drop threshold