Analisis Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Antara Pasien dan Bidan Menurut Peraturan Perundang - undangan yang Berlaku (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Deli Serdang)

Penyelesaian sengketa di bidang kesehatan, terutama sengketa antara bidan dengan pasien menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 36 tahun 2014 tentang Tenaga Kesehatan, hams diselesaikan diluar pengadilan. Penyelesaian diluar pengadilan merupakan model altematif penyelesaian sengketa (Alternative Dispute Resolution) yang bertumpu pada mediasi, konsiliasi dan negoisasi. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen membentuk Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) dan memberikan wewenang kepada BPSK untuk menyelesaikan setiap sengketa antara pelak:u usaha dengan konsumen di luar pengadilan dengan cara mediasi, konsiliasi dan negoisasi dengan syarat, bahwa penyelesaian diluar pengadilan tidak menghilangkan unsur pidana apabila pada saat proses mediasi atau negoisasi ditemukan adanya tindak pidana. Penyelesaian sengketa melalui BPSK memberikan suatu pengertian. bahwa tenaga kesehatan termasuk penyedia fasilitas kesehatan secara hukum sebagai pelaku usaha dan penerima layanan kesehatan sebagai konsumen (subyek hukum perdata). Sedangkan jasa pelayanan kesehatan sebagai obyek hukum perdata. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Untuk menganalisa ketentuan hukum penyelesaian sengketa di bidang kesehatan, digunakan pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach) dengan cara melakukan singkronisasi terhadap undang-undang tenaga kesehatan dengan undang undang perlindungan konsumen serta pendekatan kasus (case approach). Kedua pendekatan tersebut berlandaskan pada teori kepastian hukum dari Gustav Radbruch, untuk memberikan gambaran bahwa penyelesaian sengketa diluar pengadilan adalah sebuah model penyelesaian sengketa yang mampu memberikan rasa keadilan dan kepastian hukum bagi para pihak yang bersengketaSettlement of disputes in the health sector, particularly the dispute between midwives to patients according to Law No. 36 of 2014 on Health Workers, should be resolved outside the court. Settlement out of court is a model of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) that relies on mediation, conciliation and negotiation. Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection formed a Consumer Dispute Settlement Board (BPSK) and authorizes BPSK to resolve any disputes between businessmen and consumers out of court with less how mediation, conciliation and negotiation with the proviso, that the settlement outside the court is not eliminating the criminal element, if during the process of mediation or negotiation found any criminal act. BPSK dispute resolution provides an understanding that health workers, including providers of healthcare facilities by law as entrepreneurs and as consumers of health services (the subject of civil law). While health care services as an object of civil law. This study is a normative legal research is descriptive. To analyze the legal provisions of dispute resolution in the field of health, the approach used law (statute approach) by way of sync with the laws of health workers with consumer protection laws as well as the approach of the case (case approach). Both of these approaches are based on theories of Gustav Radbruch legal certainty, to give you an idea that the dispute out of court is a model of dispute resolution which could provide a sense of justice and legal certainty for the parties to the disput

One‐Step Preparation of Biocompatible Gold Nanoplates with Controlled Thickness and Adjustable Optical Properties for Plasmon‐Based Applications

The ability to synthesize plasmonic nanomaterials with well‐defined structures and tailorable size is crucial for exploring their potential applications. Gold nanoplates (AuNPLs) exhibit appealing structural and optical properties, yet their applications are limited by difficulties in thickness control. Other challenges include a narrow range of tunability in size and surface plasmon resonance, combined with a synthesis conventionally involving cytotoxic cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) halide surfactant. Here, a one‐step, high‐yield synthesis of single‐crystalline AuNPLs is developed, based on the combined use of two structure‐directing agents, methyl orange and FeBr3, which undergo preferential adsorption onto different crystalline facets of gold. The obtained AuNPLs feature high shape homogeneity that enables mesoscopic self‐assembly, broad‐range tunability of dimensions (controlled thickness from ≈7 to ≈20 nm, accompanied by modulation of the edge length from ≈150 nm to ≈2 µm) and plasmonic properties. These merits, coupled with a preparation free of CTA‐halide surfactants, have facilitated the exploration of various uses, especially in bio‐related areas. For example, they are demonstrated as biocompatible photothermal agents for cell ablation in NIR I and NIR II windows. This work paves the way to the innovative fabrication of anisotropic plasmonic nanomaterials with desired attributes for wide‐ranging practical applications

Automated Retinopathy of Prematurity Case Detection with Convolutional Neural Networks

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is an ocular disease observed in premature babies, considered one of the largest preventable causes of childhood blindness. Problematically, the visual indicators of ROP are not well understood and neonatal fundus images are usually of poor quality and resolution. We investigate two ways to aid clinicians in ROP detection using convolutional neural networks (CNN): (1) We fine-tune a pretrained GoogLeNet as a ROP detector and with small modifications also return an approximate Bayesian posterior over disease presence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first completely automated ROP detection system. (2) To further aid grading, we train a second CNN to return novel feature map visualizations of pathologies, learned directly from the data. These feature maps highlight discriminative information, which we believe may be used by clinicians with our classifier to aid in screening

Ellagitannins of the fruit rind of pomegranate (Punica granatum) antagonize in vitro the host inflammatory response mechanisms involved in the onset of malaria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The sun-dried rind of the immature fruit of pomegranate (<it>Punica granatum</it>) is presently used as a herbal formulation (OMARIA, Orissa Malaria Research Indigenous Attempt) in Orissa, India, for the therapy and prophylaxis of malaria. The pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, a complication of the infection by <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it>, is an inflammatory cytokine-driven disease associated to an up-regulation and activity of metalloproteinase-9 and to the increase of TNF production. The <it>in vitro </it>anti-plasmodial activity of <it>Punica granatum (Pg) </it>was recently described. The aim of the present study was to explore whether the anti-malarial effect of OMARIA could also be sustained via other mechanisms among those associated to the host immune response.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From the methanolic extract of the fruit rind, a fraction enriched in tannins (<it>Pg</it>-FET) was prepared. MMP-9 secretion and expression were evaluated in THP-1 cells stimulated with haemozoin or TNF. The assays were conducted in the presence of the <it>Pg</it>-FET and its chemical constituents ellagic acid and punicalagin. The effect of urolithins, the ellagitannin metabolites formed by human intestinal microflora, was also investigated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>Pg</it>-FET and its constituents inhibited the secretion of MMP-9 induced by haemozoin or TNF. The effect occurred at transcriptional level since MMP-9 mRNA levels were lower in the presence of the tested compounds. Urolithins as well inhibited MMP-9 secretion and expression. <it>Pg</it>-FET and pure compounds also inhibited MMP-9 promoter activity and NF-kB-driven transcription.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The beneficial effect of the fruit rind of <it>Punica granatum </it>for the treatment of malarial disease may be attributed to the anti-parasitic activity and the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory mechanisms involved in the onset of cerebral malaria.</p

Optobionic vision-a new genetically enhanced light on retinal prosthesis

The recent discovery that neurons call be photostimulated via genetic incorporation of artificial opsins is creating a revolution in the field of neural stimulation. In this paper we show its potential in the field of retinal prosthesis. We show that we need typically 100 mW cm(-2) in instantaneous light intensity on the neuron in order to stimulate action potentials. We also show how this can be reduced down to safe levels in order to negate thermal and photochromic damage to the eye. We also describe a gallium nitride LED light Source which is also able to generate patterns of the required intensity in order to transfer reliable images