Syndromics: A Bioinformatics Approach for Neurotrauma Research

Substantial scientific progress has been made in the past 50 years in delineating many of the biological mechanisms involved in the primary and secondary injuries following trauma to the spinal cord and brain. These advances have highlighted numerous potential therapeutic approaches that may help restore function after injury. Despite these advances, bench-to-bedside translation has remained elusive. Translational testing of novel therapies requires standardized measures of function for comparison across different laboratories, paradigms, and species. Although numerous functional assessments have been developed in animal models, it remains unclear how to best integrate this information to describe the complete translational “syndrome” produced by neurotrauma. The present paper describes a multivariate statistical framework for integrating diverse neurotrauma data and reviews the few papers to date that have taken an information-intensive approach for basic neurotrauma research. We argue that these papers can be described as the seminal works of a new field that we call “syndromics”, which aim to apply informatics tools to disease models to characterize the full set of mechanistic inter-relationships from multi-scale data. In the future, centralized databases of raw neurotrauma data will enable better syndromic approaches and aid future translational research, leading to more efficient testing regimens and more clinically relevant findings

Sanitary control in bovine embryo transfer - How far should we go? A review

Embryo transfer is a globally executed technique which, when properly done, has both economic and sanitary advantages. International guidelines are available to prevent infection of the embryo with pathogens, both originating from the donor animals as from the environment. This manuscript describes the bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi and prions that are of major concern in the context of embryo transfer in cattle. In addition, the actual scientific knowledge on these pathogens is evaluated in terms of the current international and national guidelines and legislation