Comparison of Direct Microscopic Examination, Giemsa, Acridine Orange and Two Culture Methods for Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted nonviral pathogen. Direct microscopic examination (DME), cytologic smear, staining methods, culture, serologic and molecular biologic techniques are used for the diagnosis of T. vaginalis infections. Today DME is the most frequently used technique in clinical practice; culture methods are accepted as gold standard and cytologic smear is used as a screening test. In this study we compared the incidence of T. vaginalis with DME, Giemsa and acridine orange (AO) stains and modified Diamond (MD) and modified thioglycolate (MT) culture media in 269 women; of whom 150 applied to gynecology clinic for cervicitis complaint and 119 working at night clubs and applied to sexually transmitted diseases clinic for their routine control. We isolated a total of 34 (34/269, 12.6%) T. vaginalis strains. Sixteen of them (16/150, 10.66%) were isolated from single partnered women and 18 (18/119, 15.2%) strains were isolated from multiple partnered women. Among the compared methods MD was found to be the most sensitive one (94.1%). The followings were DME with 76.5% and MT with 70.6% sensitivity. Giemsa stain had a 58.8% sensitivity, and AO stain being the least sensitive of the compared methods had a 41.2% sensitivity. All methods had 100% specificity. As a result; although DME is more handy and less expensive, it was found to have low sensitivity. Giemsa and AO stains were not superior to DME. So, patients with negative DME results must be confirmed with a highly sensitive culture method

Identification and antifungal susceptibilities of candida species ısolated from various clinical specimens

Bu çalısmada, çesitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen 38 maya susunun tür tanımlaması ve antifungal duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıstır. Maya susları API ID 32 C kiti ile tiplendirilmis, API ATB Fungus kiti ile flusitozin, amfoterisin B, nistatin, mikonazol, ekonazol ve ketokonazola karsı in vitro antifungal duyarlılıkları saptanmıstır. Susların 18'i idrar, 8'i kan, 8'i balgam, 2'si abse, 1'i vajen, 1'i mide içerigi örneklerinden izole edildi. Susların türlere göre dagılımında (31, %81.6) ilk sırada yer alırken; bunu (5, %13.2), (1, %2.6), (1,%2.6) izlemistir.Yapılan incelemede flusitozin, amfoterisin B, nistatin ve mikonazola %2.6 oranında, ekonazola%47oranında ve ketokonazola%45oranında direnç saptandı. suslarının ekonazola ve ketokonazola yüksek oranda dirençli oldugu saptandı. kökenlerinin uygun tedavisi için etkenlerin tür tanımlaması ve antifungal duyarlılıklarının saptanmasının gerektigi önerilmektedir.The aim of this study was to identify and determine antifungal susceptibility patterns of 38 yeast strains isolated from various clinical specimens. Identification of the strains were determined by API ID 32 C kit and antifungal susceptibilities of these species to flucytosine, amphotericine B, nystatin, miconazole, econazole and ketoconazole were determined byAPIATBFungus kit. Of the 38 strains, 18 were isolated from urine, 8 from blood, 8 from sputum, 2 from abscess 1 from vagina and 1 from gastric contents. (31, 81.3%) was the most frequently isolated species, followed by (5, 13.2%), (1, 2.6%), and (1, 2.6%). The antifungal resistance ratios of the strains were as follows; flucytosine 2.6%, amphotericine B 2.6%, nystatine 2.6%, miconazole 2.6%, econazole47%and ketokonazole 45%. High rates of resistance against econazole and ketokonazole were detected in species. It is suggested that for proper treatment of species infections, identification and determinations of antifungal susceptibility pattern are mandatory. Species definition and determination of antifungal susceptibility pattern are adviced for the proper treatment of infections