9 research outputs found

    Procedimiento para estimar rendimientos potenciales de café tipo arábiga (Coffea arabica L.) a partir de la temperatura diurna: Procedure to estimate arabica coffe (Coffea arabica L.) potential yields using diurnal temperature

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    En el presente estudio se propone un nuevo procedimiento para calcular el rendimiento potencial del cultivo de café (Coffea arábica L.) con base en la temperatura diurna. Este procedimiento solo es aplicable en aquellas áreas que previamente han sido clasificadas por suelo y clima, como muy aptas para ese cultivo en particular. El procedimiento se describe a detalle y se ejemplifica en el área de influencia de la estación climatológica de Dos Patrias, Tacotalpa, Tabasco, México, que es un área productora de café a la que previamente se le determinó el rendimiento potencial del café tipo arábiga por el método de Zonificación Agro-Ecológica (ZAE) propuesto por la FAO. El resultado del método propuesto, se comparó con el obtenido previamente por el método de la FAO y ambos métodos estiman el rendimiento potencial del café tipo arábiga, con menos del 3 % de diferencia

    Climatic variables that favor the Black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) [anamorph: Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Morelet) Deighton] infestation in a banana-growing zone

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    Objective:  Characterize how favorable or unfavorable are the climatic conditions for the incidence and development of Black Sigatoka in the banana región of Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: Daily temperature data from 59 years from Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, climatological station (27044) were analized (1961-2019), using historical reports fron IMTA, (2009) and the National Meteorological Service. Relative humidity was estimated using the equation reported by Allen et al. (2006). To determine how suitable are the weather conditions for the incidence and develpment of Black Sigatoka in Teapa, a climatic favorability classification proposed by Júnior et al. (2008) was used. Results: The results shows that in the area under this study, there are no highly favorable climatic conditions for the incidence and development of this disease, and the spring-summer months are the less favorable; while the autum-winter months are the most favorable. Study limitations/implications: It is important to do this kind of studies in other banana producing areas in Tabasco, because the climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) they are different, so the disease frequency or appearance may vary. Findings/conclusions: The time period from october to march are the most favorable months for Black Sigatoka incidence and development; so integrated management programs should be designed for this period. Keywords: temperature, relative humidity, banana, yields, probability, prediction models.Objective: To establish the favorable or unfavorable climatic conditions for the emergence and developmentof Black Sigatoka in a banana-growing area within the influence zone of the Teapa weather station (27004) inTabasco, Mexico.Design/Methodology/Approach: We analyzed temperature data for n=59 years (1961-2019) at the Teapaweather station (27044) in Tabasco, as reported by IMTA (2009) and the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional(until 2019). Relative humidity was calculated using the equation developed by Allen et al. (2006). We alsoestablished the favorable or unfavorable climatic conditions for the development of Black Sigatoka in Teapa byresorting to the favorability typology posited by Júnior et al. (2008).Results: There are no highly favorable climatic conditions for the incidence and development of this disease.Overall, spring and summer are the less favorable months, while fall and winter offer more favorable conditions.Study Limitations/Implications: This study should be replicated in other banana-growing areas of Tabasco,since both temperature and relative humidity may differ and, consequently, the frequency of the disease mayvary.Findings/Conclusions: October and March are the most favorable months for Black Sigatoka occurrence.Therefore, comprehensive management and control programs should be designed for this perio

    Análises de dos escenarios de cambio climático para el 2050 en el Estado de Tabasco, México : Analysis of two climate change scenarios for 2050 in the State of Tabasco, México

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    Este estudio presenta un análisis de dos escenarios extremos de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (el mejor y el peor escenario), y su efecto sobre los incrementos en la temperatura media diaria anual y la precipitación total anual en el estado de Tabasco para el año 2050. Para ello se utilizaron mapas regionales resultantes de ensamblar 23 diferentes modelos de Circulación General de la Atmósfera y Océano Acoplado (MCGAyOA). El análisis de éstos mapas muestra que para la mitad del siglo XXI la temperatura media diaria anual en el estado de Tabasco se puede incrementar entre 1.1 ºC hasta 1.6 ºC para el mejor y el peor escenario respectivamente. En lo que respecta a la precipitación total anual, ambos escenarios muestran que ésta se mantendrá prácticamente sin cambio en la mayor parte del estado; excepto en pequeñas áreas en la subregión de la Chontalpa, donde se esperaría una reducción promedio entre el 5 % y el 7.5 %. Con base en el conocimiento ecofisiológico de cultivos y animales de granja se hacen algunos señalamientos generales de las posibles implicaciones que tendrían esos escenarios en las actividades agropecuarias en el estado de Tabasco

    Distribution of the monthly global solar irradiation in the State of Tabasco, Mexico

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    Objective: The objective was to estimate the mean monthly global solar irradiation (Rg), using observed data on cloudiness (% of cloudy days), as well as its spatial distribution for the state of Tabasco. Design / Methodology / Approach: The model proposed by Tejeda-Martínez et al. (1999) was adjusted to estimate the Rg of 35 meteorological stations in the state of Tabasco. The adjustment was done with daily observed Rg data from eight automated meteorological stations and with cloud cover data from eight ordinary weather stations. Results: The proposed model presented a good fit, since its prediction was optimal according to the Willmott comparison parameter (c = 0.89), and excellent based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (E = 0.99); and it had a high adjusted coefficient of determination Rc2 = 0.87. Study limitations / implications: The number of automated stations needs to be increased in the state of Tabasco, as well as to provide technical maintenance to existing stations. Findings / conclusions: The estimated Rg is statistically reliable. The highest Rg values were shown in the dry season, with a maximum of 22.99 MJ m-2 d-1, mainly distributed in the northern part of the state. The minimum Rg values were obtained in the cold-rainy season (12.52 MJ m-2 d-1) distributed in more than 80% of the total surface of the state. Key words: Willmott's index, cloud cover, transmissibility, heliophanyObjective: To estimate the monthly average global solar irradiance (Rg), using observed cloudiness data (% of cloudy days), as well as its spatial distribution for the state of Tabasco, Mexico.Design/Methodology/Approximation: The proposed model by Tejeda-Martínez et al. (1999) was adjusted to estimate the Rg of 35 meteorological stations in the state of Tabasco. The adjustment was performed with daily observed Rg data fromeight automated weather stations and cloudiness data from eight ordinary weather stations. Results: The proposed model reports a good fit, given that its prediction was optimal according to Willmotts comparison parameter (c = 0.89), and excellent based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (E = 0.99) and had a high corrected determination coefficient of Rc2 = 0.87.Study limitations/implications: It is necessary that in the state of Tabasco the number of automated stations increase, as well as technical maintenance to the existing stations.Findings/conclusions: The estimated Rg is statistically reliable. The highest Rg values occurred during the dry season, with a maximum of 22.99 MJ m -2 d -1 , distributed mainly in the northern part of the state. The lowest Rg values occurredduring the northeast season (12.52 MJ m -2 d -1 ), distributed in more than 80 % of the total state area

    Climate and soil effect on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) yield

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    Objective: To determine the potential yield and the water-limited yield in oil palm producing areas in the state of Tabasco. Design/Methodology/Approach: The ERIC III v. 3.2 database (IMTA, 2009) was used to select climatological stations with daily records of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, reaching over 20 years. To estimate the potential yield, the methodology proposed by the FAO and improved by Fischer et al. (2012) was used. The estimation of the annual water deficit was done from the climatic water balance, using the equation reported by Ruiz-Álvarez et al. (2012). Results: The average potential yield of oil palm with a high level of inputs varies between 35.8 and 40.6 t ha-1 of fresh fruit bunches. The water-limited yield can vary on average between 15.6 and 23.5 t ha-1 in plantations of at least 8 years of age, under rainfed conditions. The decrease in the maximum average achievable yield due to soil moisture deficits ranges from 19.2% to 49.5%. Study limitations/implications: It is necessary to include climate change horizons in future studies to determine their impact on potential and water-limited yields, to know the future theoretical economic profitability of the crop. Findings/conclusions: The analysis between the yields indicates that, if the gap between the current yields and water-limited yields is closed, there would be increases between 6.5 and 14.4 t ha-1 and between 72.8% and 129% more, with respect to the potential yield. Key words: yield gap, annual water deficit, water balance, potential yield.Objective: To determine potential and water-limited yields in oil palm producing areas in the State of Tabasco, México. Design/Methodology/Approach: The ERIC III v. 3.2 database (IMTA, 2009) was used to select climatological stations with daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature records, going back to more than 20 years. The methodology proposed by the FAO and improved by Fischer et al. (2012) was used to estimate the potential yield. The equation reported by Ruiz-Álvarez et al. (2012) was used to estimate the annual water deficit from the climatic water balance. Results: The average potential yield of oil palm with a high level of inputs varies from 35.8 to 40.6 t ha-1 of fresh fruit bunches. The average water-limited yield can vary from 15.6 to 23.5 t ha-1 in plantations of at least 8 years of age, under rainfed conditions. The reduction in the maximum average attainable yield was the result of 19.2-49.5% soil moisture deficits. Study limitations/Implications: In order to determine their impact on potential and water-limited yields, climate change horizons must be included in future studies; this would enable researchers to establish the future theoretical economic profitability of the crop. Findings/Conclusions: The analysis between the yields indicates that —if the gap between the current yields and water-limited yields is closed— output and percentage would be 6.5-14.4 t ha-1 and 72.8-129% higher than the potential yield.

    Fluctuación espacio-temporal de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) en limón Persa (Citrus latifolia) en la zona citrícola de Huimanguillo, Tabasco

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    En México se cultivan cerca de 600 mil hectáreas de cítricos, de los cuales, el cultivo de limón Persa representa el 19%, con un valor cercano a 3 mil 800 millones de pesos. Veracruz, Tabasco y Oaxaca son los tres principales productores a nivel nacional; sin embargo, esta producción se mantiene en riesgo por las pérdidas económicas que genera la enfermedad Huanglongbing y su vector el Psílido Asiático de los Cítricos Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama, 1907). En Tabasco, el patógeno y vector se detectaron desde el 2012 y 2005, respectivamente. Así, a cinco años del manejo mediante las Áreas Regionales de Control (ARCOs), es imperativo conocer la fluctuación poblacional de D. citri, por lo que el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la fluctuación espacio-temporal de Diaphorina citri en el ARCOs de la zona citrícola de Huimanguillo, Tabasco, y determinar los periodos de mayor densidad poblacional y de riesgo de dispersión del HLB. Se analizó la base de datos de la captura catorcenal de adultos en 2,820 trampas pegajosas amarillas en 141 sitios del monitoreo de D. citri de marzo a diciembre del 2019, realizado en la campaña contra plagas reglamentadas de los cítricos. Con la base de datos se generaron mapas geoestadísticos del promedio de D. citri por trampas y se determinó el patrón de dispersión del adulto mediante el cálculo de tres índices de agregación, además de su relación con las variables ambientales de temperaturas y precipitación mensuales. Se observó que D. citri está presente durante todo el periodo de estudio variando su densidad de manera mensual, las densidades poblacionales más altas se presentaron en el periodo de junio a octubre, con tendencia de mayor abundancia hacia la parte noroeste de la zona citrícola, presentando un patrón de distribución en agregados y del 20 al 30% de los sitios evaluados rebasan el umbral de intervención regional de un adulto de D. citri por trampa.In Mexico, about 600 thousand hectares are cultivated with citrus fruits, of which, Persian lime represents 19%, with a value close to 3.8 billion pesos. Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca are the three main producers nationwide; however, this production remains at risk due to the economic losses generated by the Huanglongbing disease and its vector, the Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama, 1907). In Tabasco, the pathogen and vector were detected since 2012 and 2005, respectively. Thus, after five years management through the Regional Control Areas (ARCOs), it is imperative to know the population fluctuation of D. citri, so the objective of the present study was to know the space-time fluctuation of Diaphorina citri in the ARCOs of the citrus zone of Huimanguillo, Tabasco, and to determine the periods of greatest population density and risk of HLB spreading. The fortnight adult-capture database from 2,820 yellow sticky traps in 141 D. citri monitoring sites from March to December 2019 was analyzed, carried out in the campaign against regulated pests of citrus fruits. With the database, geostatistical maps of the average D. citri per trap were generated and the dispersion pattern of the adults was determined by calculating three aggregation indices, as well as their relationship with the environmental variables of temperature and monthly precipitation. Diaphorina citri was observed to be present throughout the study period varying in density on a monthly basis, the highest population densities occurred in the period from June to October, with a trend of greater abundance towards the northwest part of the citrus zone, presenting a distribution pattern in aggregates and 20 to 30% of the evaluated sites exceed the regional intervention threshold of one adult D. citri per trap

    Agroclimatic procedures related to crop production in the North Central Region of the U.S.A.

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    Though commonly available for many locations, summaries of weather normals on fixed time periods of one month are too long and out of phase with critical operations and stage of crops development such that their use in agriculture is limited. Discussed here is a procedure whereby these monthly data are used to derive daily normals that are more closely oriented to agricultural applications. Agroclimatic parameters were developed for use in conjunction with these derived daily normals to determine and evaluate the growing seasons for a series of different crops. Normals from 132 stations were used to map determinations of the growing seasons for wheat, a cool season crop, and corn, a warm season crop in the North Central Region. Also presented are maps showing the potential for a second double crop after wheat and agroclimatic zones for corn. Applications of daily normals and agroclimatic parameters to other crops and agricultural situations at specific locations in the North Central Region are also discussed

    El cambio climático en la década de los ochenta y su evaluación a través de parámetros agroclimáticos

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    En la década de los ochenta se señalaba que las recientes fluctuaciones climáticas y sus repercusiones en la agricultura mundial habían creado las condiciones para que científicos de varios países especularan sobre la posibilidad de un cambio climático. En esa época, los científicos diferían en el tipo de cambio, pero todos coincidían en que en las regiones templadas de las latitudes medias se presentarían anomalías en las temperaturas, que fluctuarían entre 2 y 4 ºC; estas anomalías generarían caos y desastres en las regiones agrícolas de EU y de la ex-URSS. La realización de este análisis de la década de los ochenta es importante porque muestra cómo la comunidad científica, con base sólo en datos climatológicos disponibles en ese momento, realizaba afirmaciones contradictorias sin tener un punto de confirmación de la posible respuesta de los organismos poiquilotérmicos (plantas e insectos) al supuesto enfriamiento o calentamiento. Registros climatológicos diarios entre 70 y 91 años (1895 a 1985) de trece estaciones meteorológicas del estado de Nebraska (región centro norte de EU), fueron utilizados para desarrollar 10 parámetros agroclimáticos cuya ocurrencia y variación temporal permiten determinar y evaluar si durante ese período el clima realmente estaba cambiando, y el sentido de dicho cambio. Con fines de ejemplificación y para no hacer repetitivo el documento, se presentarán los resultados de la estación de Albión (con un registro de 86 años), seleccionada como la más adecuada para evaluar un posible cambio climático, porque en este condado ocurren los límites de adaptación de la franja maicera y sorguera de EU. Los resultados obtenidos en Albión (una de las trece estaciones estudiadas), son idénticos a los obtenidos en las 12 estaciones restantes, para los 10 parámetros agroclimáticos estudiados. Los resultados muestran que el inicio, final y duración de las heladas, los períodos de crecimiento para maíz y trigo, así como las fechas de ocurrencia de determinadas etapas fenológicas, la cantidad de precipitación esperada y la capacidad térmica durante dicho período, no muestran una clara y definitiva tendencia que indique que esté ocurriendo un cambio climático

    Zonificación edafoclimática para el cultivo de Jatropha curcas L., en Tabasco, México

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    Resumen. El agotamiento de las reservas petrolíferas y la creciente demanda energética mundial, ponen en evidencia la necesidad de ampliar la oferta de aceites para la producción de biodiesel. El objetivo principal de este estudio, fue determinar las zonas aptas con diferentes aptitudes agroecológicas, para establecer el cultivo de Jatropha curcas en el estado de Tabasco. Para ello se definieron cuatro tipos de aptitud: óptima, adecuada, marginal por déficit térmico e hídrico, y marginal por exceso térmico e hídrico. Para el recurso suelo se consideró la fertilidad, profundidad, textura y pH, y se utilizó la clase de aptitud óptima. La delimitación de estas zonas se generó mediante la implementación de un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), el cual facilitó la manipulación y sobreposición de capas de información temática de clima y suelo. El análisis promedio anual de temperatura demostró que todo el estado de Tabasco presenta aptitud óptima y con el de precipitación se obtuvo una superficie de 2 229 631 ha con aptitud óptima. En lo referente al recurso suelo se detectaron 37 subunidades de suelo con aptitud óptima, sumando una superficie de 945 462 ha. Al realizar el álgebra de mapas entre las aptitudes óptimas climáticas (temperatura, precipitación y periodo de crecimiento) y edafológicas, se obtuvieron 833 181 ha con aptitud agroecológica óptima, por lo que en el estado de Tabasco es factible cultivar esta oleaginosa para producir biocombustibles
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