Estimation of pre-exercise hydration status of Mexican college athletes

INTRODUCTION: The state of hydration is a very important aspect for athletes and coaches. According to NATA and ACSM athletes must be educated to maintain a good state of hydration and thus obtain better results. PURPOSE: To determine the state of hydration, before the sport practice of athletes (males) that belong to representative sports. METHODS: Seventy-five males college athletes, physically active and apparently healthy, were voluntarily recruited. They had an average height of 174.8 ± 7.4cm, weight 87.2 ± 24.0kg and age 21.3 ± 2.4 years. The athletes attended the study on a single spontaneous occasion, prior to the training session. Were given a questionnaire of hydration habits and a urine container (to collect a urine sample of their own). The urine gravity (UG) was determined by a urinary refractometer (ATAGO, Master-Sur/Na). RESULTS: Athletes had a urine gravity of 1.024 ± 0.006UG, finding maximum values up to 1.033 UG. Only 2.6% of the study population was well hydrated (1.030UG), which means a loss of fluid of 2%, 4% and more than 5% of total body weight for hypohydration conditions. Athletes mentioned that during and one hour after exercise they drink 762.3 ± 560.2mL and 644.4 ± 362.2mL respectively, either water or isotonic drink. However, these liquid volume did not compensated the water deficiency with which they begin the practice of the exercise. CONCLUSION: Before the training, 97.4% of the subjects presented different level of hypohydration, including very severe hypohydration state. The fluid ingested after the training session did not disappear the hydration deficiency with which they begin the exercise

Effect of Music Intensity on Performance during ad libitum Cycle Ergometer Exercise (póster)

póster -- Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano. 2013This is the poster presented on the topic at the 2013 American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting. Many people see aerobic exercise as boring and unpleasant, and require a high intrinsic motivation to train. Listening to music during exercise is a tested method with a positive influence, but specific physiological responses to music need to be understood in light of the fact that it has several elements (rhythm, tempo, intensity, etc.) which may affect people differently. Meanwhile, many health club employees and clients are regularly exposed to highintensity music which may cause temporary or permanent auditory injury; apparently, some instructors perceive that the louder the music, the better theperformance or effort. PURPOSE: To determine if heart rate (HR), perceived effort (PE), and spontaneous work (WORK) are influenced by the intensity of individually selected motivational music at 100-130 beats per minute (bpm). METHODS: 7 females and 3 males (21.1 ± 3.41 y.o.; 1.67 ± 0.09m; 63.38 ± 10.16 kg) each performed three experimental sessions after one familiarization trial and one maximum heart rate test on different days, all separated by at least 1 day of rest. After a 5 min warm-up on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer, each participant pedaled for 16 minutes at a self-selected power: they started at 100 W and signaled the test administrator to increase or decrease the workload as often as desired. Experimental sessions without music (WM), with music at 75 (M75) or music at 95 (M95) decibels (dB) were assigned in random order in a repeated-measures design. Resting HR was measured before each exercise test. HR, PE and WORK were recorded at 8 and 16 minutes of the test. RESULTS: Two-way, repeated measures ANOVAs on HR, PE and WORK showed no significant interactions between treatments and measurement times (p>0.05). No significant differences among treatments were found for HR (182.8±15.80, 186.5±13.41, and 186±13.38 bpm, p>0.05), PE(6.75±2.20, 7.3±2, 7.5±1.9, p>0.05), or WORK (106±11.98, 113.2±12.30, 109.6±20.30 KJ, p>0.05) for WM, M75, and M95, respectively. CONCLUSION: Under the specific conditions of this study, the presence of preferred music had no effect on HR or PE in spite of performing similar amounts of spontaneous work; this was not influenced by music intensity. The use of music as a means to increase spontaneous work performance or decrease perceived or actual effort is not warranted.UCR-VI-245-B0-315 Sistema de Estudios de PosgradoUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CIMOHU

Relationship between weight status and aerobic capacity in school children in Tijuana, Mexico

INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity in children can deteriorate physical and psychological health in the short, mid, and long term; alterations like dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and other cardiovascular risk factors like prehypertension and hypertension occur more frequently in children and teens with obesity. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the weight status and the aerobic capacity of schoolers in Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS: This study’s samples were constituted by 275 children, 135 girls and 140 boys from 5th and 6th grade, between the ages of 10-12, currently enrolled in the morning and evening shifts. Weight, height, body-mass index and the maximum oxygen consumption (20 meter Shuttle Run Test) were evaluated. To identify relationship between the weight status with the aerobic capacity, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. RESULTS: The overweight and obesity prevalence were 29% and 13% in boys and 33% and 12% in girls respectably. It was observed a moderate negative correlation but statistically significant between the weight status with the aerobic capacity (r= -0.437, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: In this population, the greater the weight was associated with low aerobic capacity. In conclusion, the aerobic capacity could be affected due to overweight, obesity, and a superior corporal weight than the recommended one for a certain height

Remote, Whole-Body Interval Training Improves Muscular Endurance and Cardiac Autonomic Control in Young Adults

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an exercise modality acknowledged to maintain physical fitness with more engagement in an active lifestyle compared with other traditional exercise models. Nevertheless, its effects on cardiac control and physical performance in an online-guided setting are not yet clarified. The present work assessed physical fitness and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after an online, home-based HIIT program in college-age students while pandemic lockdowns were in effect. Twenty university students (age: 21.9 ± 2.4 years.) that were solely enrolled in online classes were distributed into three groups: control—CON-(n = 6), 14 min of HIIT—HIIT-14-(n = 8), and 21 min of HIIT—HIIT-21-(n = 6). A maximal push-up test was employed to assess muscular endurance and performance, and resting HRV signals were collected with wireless heart rate monitors and were processed in Kubios HRV Std. (Kubios Oy, Finland). There was an increase in total push-up capacity compared to CON (p < 0.05 HIIT-21 vs. CON; p < 0.001 HIIT-14 vs. CON) after 8 weeks. A significant interaction was observed in high-frequency and low-frequency spectra ratios after the HIIT-21 intervention (p < 0.05). The current work demonstrated that either short- or mid-volume online, whole-body HIIT improves muscle strength, whereas mid-volume HIIT (HIIT-21) was the only intervention that developed a sympathovagal adaptation. This study showed promising results on muscular endurance and cardiac autonomic modulation through whole-body HIIT practice at home

Refinando el tempo de la música para un efecto ergogénico durante el ejercicio de ciclismo estacionario

El efecto de la música durante el ejercicio ha sido estudiado desde muchas perspectivas, pero los resultados no han sido del todo claros, probablemente por la falta apropiada de control en la investigación. El propósito de este estudio fue medir el rendimiento físico en bicicleta estacionaria en un ambiente caluroso, en condiciones cuidadosamente controladas, modificando solo el tempo de la música. Diez estudiantes físicamente activos, con 24.5±3.6 años de edad (promedio ± desviación estándar), escogieron su música favorita para hacer ejercicio y realizaron una prueba de máximo esfuerzo en bicicleta. Durante las siguientes visitas al laboratorio, los participantes pedalearon a una cadencia de su preferencia y contra una resistencia constante (70% de la carga máxima) dentro de un cuarto de clima controlado (28.6±0.5°C y 65±3%FC), por 30 minutos en tres días diferentes, sin música (NM), con música tempo medio (MT-120ppm) o música tempo rápido (FT-140ppm) en orden aleatorio. Se registró el esfuerzo percibido (EP), la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y el trabajo realizado (TR). No se encontró diferencia significativa entre condiciones en EP (4.47±1.52; 4.22±1.5; 3.83±2.06u.a. para NM, MT y FT, respectivamente, p=.162) ni FC (142.4±24.53; 142.6±24.37; 142.9±18.36lpm para NM, MT y FT, respectivamente, p=.994). Sin embargo, sí se encontraron diferencias en TR (43.4±19.02; 46.1±20.34; 47.1±20.97kJ para NM, MT y FT, respectivamente, p=.009); el análisis post-hoc demostró que esas diferencias en TR eran entre FT y NM. Al utilizar música del agrado de cada persona durante el ejercicio, los participantes mejoraron el rendimiento físico solo con tempo rápido de 140ppm.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Educación::Escuela de Educación FísicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CIMOHU

Efecto de la intensidad de la música en el rendimiento durante la realización de ejercicio Ad Libitum en cicloergómetro.

The purpose of this study was to determine if heart rate (HR), perceived effort (PE), and Ad Libitum work (ALW) are influenced by the intensity of the music. Some instructors perceive that the louder the music, the better the performance or effort.  Meanwhile, the intensity music may cause temporary or permanent auditory injury. We analyzed the influence that music has on the physical performance of individuals who exercise on cycle ergometer music during 16 minutes under certain conditions:  Individually selected motivational music at 100-130 beats per minute (bpm) with 75 (M75), 95 (M95) decibels (dB) or one session without music (NM). No significant differences among treatments were found for HR (182.8±15.80, 186.5±13.41, and 186±13.38 ppm, f= .621, Sig= .545), PE (6.75±2.20, 7.3±2, 7.5±1.9, f= .140, Sig= .870), or ALW (106±11.98, 113.2±12.30, 109.6±20.30 KJ, f= 2.41, Sig= .109) for SM, M75, and M95, respectively. No significant interactions between treatments (NM, M75 and M95) and measurement at the 8 and 16 minutes (T1 and T2) (p>0.05), furthermore, there were significant differences between measurements (f= 71.01, Sig= .001; f= 106.3, Sig= .001, f= 42.23, Sig= .001, for NM, M75, and M95, respectively), which means that independently of the intensity, the subjects performed more work in the second half (T2 [8:01 minute to 16:00])  than in the first (T1 [0:00 minute to 8:00]).El propósito de este estudio fue determinar si la Frecuencia Cardíaca (FC), el Esfuerzo Percibido (EP) y el Trabajo Voluntario Realizado (TVR) están influenciados por la intensidad de la música. En este estudio se comprobó si la teoría de ciertos entrenadores de gimnasios es cierta, “a mayor intensidad de sonido (decibeles), el rendimiento físico es mejor”. Aunque de cierta forma “esa intensidad” puede llegar a ser cómplice para una lesión auditiva que puede ser temporal o permanente a corto, mediano o  largo plazo. Se analizó la influencia que tiene la música respecto al rendimiento físico de las personas que se ejercitan en un cicloergómetro en determinadas condiciones musicales: Música del agrado de los sujetos de entre 100 y 130 pulsos por minuto (ppm) a 75 (M75) o 95 (M95) decibeles (dB) o una condición sin música (SM). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las tres condiciones en la FC (182.8±15.80, 186.5±13.41, 186±13.38 ppm) el EP (6.75±2.20, 7.3±2, 7.5±1.9 u.a.) ni en el Trabajo Voluntario Realizado (106.8±11.98, 113.2±12.30, 109.6±20.30 KJ) para SM, M75 y M95 respectivamente. No hubo interacción significativa entre el tratamiento (SM, M75 y M95) y la medición (T1 y T2) (p>0.05), más sí hubo diferencias significativas entre mediciones, lo cual significa que independientemente de la intensidad, los sujetos realizaron más trabajo en la segunda mitad que en la primera

Database for Refining music tempo for an ergogenic effect on stationary cycling exercise

Database to accompany a previous publication. Aburto Corona, J., & Aragón Vargas, L.F. (2017). REFINING MUSIC TEMPO FOR AN ERGOGENIC EFFECT ON STATIONARY CYCLING EXERCISE. Pensar En Movimiento: Revista De Ciencias Del Ejercicio Y La Salud, 15(2), e28390. https://doi.org/10.15517/pensarmov.v15i2.28390 The effect of music on exercise performance has been studied from many perspectives, but the results have not been as clear as expected, probably because of a lack of appropriate controls. The purpose of this study was to measure stationary cycling performance in a warm environment under carefully controlled conditions, modifying only the presence of music and its tempo. Ten physically active students, 24.5±3.6 years (mean±SD) selected their favorite exercise music and performed a maximum cycling test. During subsequent visits to the laboratory, they pedaled at their preferred speed against a constant resistance (70% of maximum) in an environmentally controlled chamber (28.6±0.5 °C db and 65±3% rh) for 30 min, on three different days, without music (NM), medium tempo music (MT-120 bpm) or fast tempo music (FT-140 bpm), in random order. Perceived exertion (PE), heart rate (HR) and total work performed (W) were recorded. There was no significant difference among conditions for PE (4.47±1.52; 4.22±1.5; 3.83±2.06 a.u. for NM, MT and FT, respectively, p=.162) or HR (142.4±24.53; 142.6±24.37; 142.9±18.36 bpm for NM, MT and FT, respectively, p=.994), but W was different (43.4±19.02; 46.1±20.34; 47.1±20.97, kJ for NM, MT and FT, respectively, p=.009); post-hoc analysis showed that the W difference was only between FT and NM. Using individually selected preferred music in a carefully controlled environment, participants improved their spontaneous cycling performance only when the music had a fast tempo of 140 bpm.Universidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/CostaRicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CIMOHU

Efecto de la intensidad de la música en el rendimiento durante la realización de ejercicio Ad Libitum en cicloergómetro.

The purpose of this study was to determine if heart rate (HR), perceived effort (PE), and Ad Libitum work (ALW) are influenced by the intensity of the music. Some instructors perceive that the louder the music, the better the performance or effort.  Meanwhile, the intensity music may cause temporary or permanent auditory injury. We analyzed the influence that music has on the physical performance of individuals who exercise on cycle ergometer music during 16 minutes under certain conditions:  Individually selected motivational music at 100-130 beats per minute (bpm) with 75 (M75), 95 (M95) decibels (dB) or one session without music (NM). No significant differences among treatments were found for HR (182.8±15.80, 186.5±13.41, and 186±13.38 ppm, f= .621, Sig= .545), PE (6.75±2.20, 7.3±2, 7.5±1.9, f= .140, Sig= .870), or ALW (106±11.98, 113.2±12.30, 109.6±20.30 KJ, f= 2.41, Sig= .109) for SM, M75, and M95, respectively. No significant interactions between treatments (NM, M75 and M95) and measurement at the 8 and 16 minutes (T1 and T2) (p&gt;0.05), furthermore, there were significant differences between measurements (f= 71.01, Sig= .001; f= 106.3, Sig= .001, f= 42.23, Sig= .001, for NM, M75, and M95, respectively), which means that independently of the intensity, the subjects performed more work in the second half (T2 [8:01 minute to 16:00])  than in the first (T1 [0:00 minute to 8:00]).El propósito de este estudio fue determinar si la Frecuencia Cardíaca (FC), el Esfuerzo Percibido (EP) y el Trabajo Voluntario Realizado (TVR) están influenciados por la intensidad de la música. En este estudio se comprobó si la teoría de ciertos entrenadores de gimnasios es cierta, “a mayor intensidad de sonido (decibeles), el rendimiento físico es mejor”. Aunque de cierta forma “esa intensidad” puede llegar a ser cómplice para una lesión auditiva que puede ser temporal o permanente a corto, mediano o  largo plazo. Se analizó la influencia que tiene la música respecto al rendimiento físico de las personas que se ejercitan en un cicloergómetro en determinadas condiciones musicales: Música del agrado de los sujetos de entre 100 y 130 pulsos por minuto (ppm) a 75 (M75) o 95 (M95) decibeles (dB) o una condición sin música (SM). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las tres condiciones en la FC (182.8±15.80, 186.5±13.41, 186±13.38 ppm) el EP (6.75±2.20, 7.3±2, 7.5±1.9 u.a.) ni en el Trabajo Voluntario Realizado (106.8±11.98, 113.2±12.30, 109.6±20.30 KJ) para SM, M75 y M95 respectivamente. No hubo interacción significativa entre el tratamiento (SM, M75 y M95) y la medición (T1 y T2) (p&gt;0.05), más sí hubo diferencias significativas entre mediciones, lo cual significa que independientemente de la intensidad, los sujetos realizaron más trabajo en la segunda mitad que en la primera

Refinando o tempo da música para um efeito efeito ergogênico no exercício do ciclismo ergomêtrico

The effect of music on exercise performance has been studied from many perspectives, but the results have not been as clear as expected, probably due to a lack of appropriate controls. The purpose of this study was to measure stationary cycling performance in a warm environment under carefully controlled conditions, modifying only the presence of music and its tempo. Ten physically active students, 24.5±3.6 years (mean±SD) selected their favorite exercise music and performed a maximum cycling test. During subsequent visits to the laboratory, they pedaled at their preferred speed against a constant resistance (70% of maximum) in an environmentally controlled chamber (28.6±0.5 °C db and 65±3% rh) for 30 min, on three different days, without music (NM), medium tempo music (MT120 bpm) or fast tempo music (FT-140 bpm), in random order. Perceived exertion (PE), heart rate (HR) and total work performed (W) were recorded. There was no significant difference among conditions for PE (4.47±1.52; 4.22±1.5; 3.83±2.06 a.u. for NM, MT and FT, respectively, p=.162) or HR (142.4±24.53; 142.6±24.37; 142.9±18.36 bpm for NM, MT and FT, respectively, p=.994), but W was different (43.4±19.02; 46.1±20.34; 47.1±20.97, kJ for NM, MT and FT, respectively, p=.009); post-hoc analysis showed that the W difference was only between FT and NM. Using individually selected preferred music in a carefully controlled environment, participants improved their spontaneous cycling performance only when the music had a fast tempo of 140 bpm.O efeito da música durante o exercício tem sido estudado desde muitas perspectivas, mas os resultados não tem sido totalmente claros, provavelmente pela falta apropriada de controle na pesquisa. O propósito deste estudo foi medir o rendimento físico em uma bicicleta ergométrica em um ambiente quente, em condições cuidadosamente controladas, modificando apenas o tempo da música. Dez estudantes fisicamente ativos, 24.5±3.6 anos de idade (média ± desvio padrão), escolheram sua música favorita para fazer exercício e realizaram uma prova de máximo esforço na bicicleta. Durante as seguintes visitas ao laboratório, os participantes mantiveram uma cadência de sua preferência e uma resistência constante (70% da carga máxima) dentro de uma sala de clima controlado (28.6±0.5°C e 65±3%HR) por 30 minutos em três dias diferentes, sem música (NM), com música de ritmo moderado (MT-120bpm) ou música de ritmo rápido (FT-140bpm) em ordem aleatória. Foi registrado o esforço percebido (PE), a frequência cardíaca (HR) e o trabalho realizado (W). Não se encontrou diferença significativa entre condições PE (4.47±1.52; 4.22±1.5; 3.83±2.06u.a. para NM, MT e FT, respectivamente, p=.162) nem HR (142.4±24.53; 142.6±24.37; 142.9±18.36bpm para NM, MT e FT, respectivamente, p=.994). Porém, sim foram encontradas diferenças em W (43.4±19.02; 46.1±20.34; 47.1±20.97kJ para NM, MT e FT, respectivamente, p=.009); a análise post-hoc demonstrou que essas diferenças em W eram entre FT e NM. Ao utilizar música que cada pessoa gosta de ouvir enquanto se exercita em um ambiente cuidadosamente controlado, os participantes melhoraram o rendimento físico somente com ritmo rápido de 140bpm.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Educación::Escuela de Educación FísicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CIMOHU

Capacidad del método de parches de sudoración para detectar el efecto de un antitranspirante.

An effective antiperspirant is supposed to reduce sweat production by up to 50%, according to the manufacturers, but the scientific evidence in the literature is limited; possibly, the actual reduction may be so small that it may not be detected by conventional methods. The purpose of this study was to verify if the sweat patch method was able to detect the reduction in regional sweat loss that would be expected from using an antiperspirant. In addition, the magnitude of the effect was quantified. We verified the impact of an antiperspirant (condition A, skin treated with the product) on localized scapular sweat rate during 20 minutes of exercise at 78-80% HRmax, at 29.7 ± 0.5°C of ambient temperature and 54 ± 3.4% relative humidity, compared with a control condition (C, untreated skin). A statistically significant difference in scapular sweat rate was found between conditions: A = 14.6 ± 10.3 μL * min-1 and C = 19.2 ± 12.6 μL * min-1 (p = 0.001). This means that the participants secreted approximately 24% less sweat when using an antiperspirant, compared with the intact skin, as measured by the sweat patch method.Supõe-se que um antitranspirante efetivo é capaz de diminuir o suor até 50% como afirmam as companhias que fabricam isto produtos, mas são poucas evidências a respeito do mesmo: é possível que a real diminuição seja pequena não podendo ser detectada com métodos convencionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o método de adesivos de suor é capaz de detectar a diminuição da taxa de transpiração localizada que deve ocorrer a través da utilização de um antitranspirante. Alem disso, a magnitude do efeito foi medido. Verificou-se a influencia que tem o antitranspirante (Condição A, pele rociada com antitranspirante) na taça de sudoração localizada da zona escapular durante 20 minutos de exercícios na intensidade entre 78% e 80% da FCmax com temperatura ambiental media de 29.7 ± 0.5°C e humidade relativa de 54 ± 3.4%, comparado com uma condição controle (C) (pele sim antitranspirante). Controlaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as condições A = 14.6 ± 10.3 μL * min-1 y C = 19.2 ± 12.6 μL * min-1 (p = 0.001) na taça de sudoração da zona escapular, ou seja, que os participantes suaram aproximadamente 24% menos quando se aplico antitranspirante comparado com a pele intata, de acordo com as medições obtidas com as adisivos de suor. Un antitranspirante efectivo es supuestamente capaz de disminuir la sudoración hasta en un 50%, como lo afirman las compañías que fabrican estos productos, pero hay poca evidencia publicada al respecto; es posible que la disminución real sea tan pequeña que no pueda ser detectada por los métodos convencionales. El propósito de este estudio fue verificar si el método de parches de sudoración es capaz de mostrar una disminución en la tasa de sudoración localizada que debería ocurrir por el uso de un antitranspirante. Además, se midió la magnitud de este efecto. La influencia esperada del antitranspirante (condición A, piel rociada con antitranspirante) se verificó con base en la tasa de sudoración localizada de la zona escapular durante 20 minutos de ejercicio a una intensidad entre 78 y 80 % de la FCmáx con una temperatura ambiental promedio de 29,7 ± 0,5°C y una humedad relativa de 54 ± 3,4 %, comparada con una condición control (C) (piel sin antitranspirante). Por consiguiente, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las condiciones A = 14,6 ± 10,3 μL * min-1 y C = 19,2 ± 12,6 μL * min-1 (p = 0,001) en la tasa de sudoración de la zona escapular, lo cual significa que los participantes sudaron aproximadamente un 24 % menos cuando se les aplicó antitranspirante comparado con la piel intacta, según las mediciones obtenidas con el método de parches de sudoración