The study of effectiveness of social capital, organizational capital and knowledge on entrepreneurship

In this research, we studied the effectiveness of internal and external social capital and organizational capital (two subcategories of intellectual capital) and also different types of presented knowledge in the organization, by counting tacitness or explicitness or even complexity, on entrepreneurship and innovation of firms. The result of study shows that social capital (inside organizational and outside organizational) have positive effect on innovation and organizational capital also by having positive effect on social capital have indirect effect on innovation. Also, the effect of knowledge tacitness exists under social capital high level conditions, and it shows the positive relation with fundamental innovations. Knowledge complexity also applies positive effect on radical innovations

The study of effectiveness of social capital, organizational capital and knowledge on entrepreneurship

In this research, we studied the effectiveness of internal and external social capital and organizational capital (two subcategories of intellectual capital) and also different types of presented knowledge in the organization, by counting tacitness or explicitness or even complexity, on entrepreneurship and innovation of firms. The result of study shows that social capital (inside organizational and outside organizational) have positive effect on innovation and organizational capital also by having positive effect on social capital have indirect effect on innovation. Also, the effect of knowledge tacitness exists under social capital high level conditions, and it shows the positive relation with fundamental innovations. Knowledge complexity also applies positive effect on radical innovations

The study of effectiveness of social capital, organizational capital and knowledge on entrepreneurship

In this research, we studied the effectiveness of internal and external social capital and organizational capital (two subcategories of intellectual capital) and also different types of presented knowledge in the organization, by counting tacitness or explicitness or even complexity, on entrepreneurship and innovation of firms. The result of study shows that social capital (inside organizational and outside organizational) have positive effect on innovation and organizational capital also by having positive effect on social capital have indirect effect on innovation. Also, the effect of knowledge tacitness exists under social capital high level conditions, and it shows the positive relation with fundamental innovations. Knowledge complexity also applies positive effect on radical innovations

Determination of Effect of Oral Vitamin D to Improve Ventilatory Threshold in Healthy Young Adults with Vitamin D Deficiency

Background: Many studies have shown a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in different communities. Due to multiple roles of vitamin D in the body, this study was aimed to determine the effect of oral vitamin D3 on ventilatory threshold-1 in a condition of vitamin D deficiency.Materials and Methods: Recent study performed on 25 healthy young adults with the serum levels of 25 Hydroxyvitamin D3 lower than 20 ng/ml, had referred to the sports medicine clinic of Taleghani Hospital of Tehran, in a one-year period (2016-2017). After primary evaluation, baseline ventilatory threshold-1 were determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Then persons were treated with 50,000 IU/week of oral vitamin D3 for 8 weeks, and one week after the completion of treatment, ventilator threshold-1 was measured again, similar to the beginning conditions of the study, and its changes were studied.Results: The mean baseline ventilatory threshold-1 of participants before any intervention was 22.46 ± 6.45 (ml/kg/min), and after 8 weeks of treatment by 50000 IU/week of oral vitamin D3, increased to 26.79 ± 5.33 (ml/kg/min) at the end of study, which there was a statistically significant increase in ventilatory threshold-1 (p<0.001).Conclusion: Recent study showed that proper treatment of the vitamin D deficiency, improves ventilatory threshold-1 in healthy young adults

Relationship between Weight, Body Mass Index, and Bone Mineral Density in Men Referred for Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan in Isfahan, Iran

Objective. Although several studies have investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD), the results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to further investigate the relation between BMI, weight and BMD in an Iranian men population. Methods. A total of 230 men 50-79 years old were examined. All men underwent a standard BMD scans of hip (total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, and femoral shaft) and lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) using a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan and examination of body size. Participants were categorised in two BMI group: normal weight <25.0 kg/m2 and overweight and obese, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Results. Compared to men with BMI ≥ 25, the age-adjusted odds ratio of osteopenia was 2.2 (95% CI 0.85, 5.93) and for osteoporosis was 4.4 (1.51, 12.87) for men with BMI < 25. It was noted that BMI and weight was associated with a high BMD, compatible with a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Conclusions. These data indicate that both BMI and weight are associated with BMD of hip and vertebrae and overweight and obesity decreased the risk for osteoporosis. The results of this study highlight the need for osteoporosis prevention strategies in elderly men as well as postmenopausal women

Active Control of Sandwich Microbeams Vibration with FGM and Viscoelastic/ER Core

This study is devoted to analyse of free and forced vibrations and semi-active control vibrations of sandwich microbeam with Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) and viscoelastic/electrorheological (ER) core. The intended model is for top and bottom layers of functionally graded materials with power law and a core model for Viscoelastic materials with complex shear modulus. Hamilton principle is used to determine the governing Equations of motion on the sandwich microbeam based on the modified couple stress theory. Mesh less method of Radial Basis Functions (RBF) is used to calculate natural frequency and the loss factor. All the effects of length scale parameter, shear modulus and changes due to variation of the electric field on the natural frequency and loss factor have been drawn. Combination of RBF method and forward difference led to evaluation of forced vibration and deflection of microbeam for length scale parameters and different electric fields under the dynamic load have been calculated and drawn. The feedback effects are analyzed for vibration amplitudes of sandwich microbeam by using Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and optimal control method. At the end, the results are compared with papers for different viscoelastic models such as Kelvin model, Bingham plastic model and complex modulus

The Efficacy of Cupping Therapy Added to Electroacupuncture and Exercise Therapy on Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: Electroacupuncture and exercise therapy have been used to treat knee osteoarthritis, but evidence for adding cupping to this treatment is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of cupping and acupuncture combined with exercise on knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: This randomized control trial was done on 56 patients with knee osteoarthritis. We had two groups: a control and an intervention group. Both groups received electroacupuncture and exercise therapy programs. The intervention group received cupping after electroacupuncture plus exercise therapy. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC) questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measured patient outcomes before and after treatment. Results: All patients' VAS and WOMAC scores decreased in these two groups after treatment. The difference between VAS and WOMAC scores and pain and knee function was significant compared to the intervention group with the control group (p&lt;0.05). The difference in knee stiffness was not significant comparing the intervention group with the control group (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Adding cupping therapy following electroacupuncture and exercise therapy significantly decreased pain and improved function

Early Effects of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy on Glomerular Filtration Rate and Determining the Potential Risk Factors Responsible for Acute Postoperative Renal Function Impairment

Background: In this study, the early effects of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was assessed in different postoperative times and likewise, we determined the correlation of different variables with significant postoperative GFR drop  after PCNL.Materials and Methods: Patient records of 486 cases that had undergone PCNL from January 2010 to October 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. GFR in six hours, one, two and three days after PCNL and in the discharge day were calculated and then compared with preoperative level. Correlation between different variables (Perioperative hemorrhage, co-morbidities, previous stone surgery, renal anomaly, number of access, stone burden and location) and risk of acute postoperative renal function impairment (GFR drop greater than 25%) were assessed.Results: Mean preoperative GFR was 87.85±29.41ml/min/1.73m² which decreased to 86.18±28.77, 78.45±28.74, 78.79±26.94, 84.24±29.71 and 86.18±28.77 in 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery and discharge day post PCNL, respectively. GFR significantly decreased in one and two days after surgery (p value&lt;0.0001 and p value &lt;0.05) but returned to near preoperative values in 3th post PCNL day. Among different variables, only perioperative bleeding (Cut-off point for serum hemoglobin drop was 2.8 mg/dL) was concomitant with significant postoperative renal function impairment.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that co-morbidities, large or multiple stones, multiple punctures and previous history of stone surgery have no significant impact on surgical outcomes. Postoperative GFR returned to near preoperative values in a few days after operation. Avoidance of significant perioperative bleeding is an important point to prevent post PCNL renal insufficiency

Livelihood Vulnerability of Semi-Mobile Pastoral Communities to Climate Change in Arid and Semiarid of Iran

Climate change is impacting on natural resource based livelihood systems such as pastoralist communities in arid and semi-arid regions. Vulnerability to climate change refers to the potential of a system to be harmed by this external stress. The level of vulnerability of pastoral communities and the effective components determine the extent of climate change impacts on these communities and thereby help identify institutional options that have the potential to reduce their vulnerability. This study assessed climate change vulnerability of semi-mobile pastoralist communities in five main regions (Gozm, Kaht, Madan, Rochon and Jarob) of Khabr rangelands, Kerman, Iran using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). The data comprised of primary data on seven main components including socio-demographic profile, livelihood strategies, social networks, health, food, water availability, natural disasters and climate variability which were collected through survey of 70 semi-mobile pastoral households, and secondary data on rainfall and temperature. Data were aggregated using composite LVI index and vulnerabilities of communities were compared. Results suggested that semi-mobile pastoralists in Rochon region had the highest (0.63) LVI showing relatively the greatest vulnerability to climate change impacts in terms of Socio-Demographic Profile, Livelihood Strategies and Health while Kaht region had the least (0.49) LVI showing relatively the smallest vulnerability to climate change impacts. The results of this study are useful to access pastoralist communities’ vulnerability and set risk management policies. Keywords: climate change; livelihood vulnerability index ; semi-mobile pastoralist

The Effect of Home based Exercise on Treatment of Women with Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome; a single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The most common reproductive endocrine disorder of reproductive age women is a Poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Metabolic syndrome has been more reported in patients with PCOS in comparison to general population. Few investigations have been performed to evaluate the independent effect of exercise on biochemical and clinical symptoms of patients with PCOS. The aim of the study was to find the effect of home base aerobic-strengthening exercises on anthropometric and hormonal variables of patients with PCOS.MaterialsandMethods:In this randomized controlled trial twenty women in the exercise group performed aerobic, strengthening exercises; the other 20 participants in the control group were advised to continue their previous physical activity pattern. Blood pressure, Waist to Hip ratio (WHR), BMI along with hormonal variables(including insulin related factors, sexual hormones and inflammatory factors) were assessed at baselineand after the 12 week intervention).Results:16patients in the exercise group and 14 patients in control group finished the study. TheWHR (p&lt;0.001) along with the blood level of insulin (p=0.016), FBS (p=0.044), Prolactine (p=0.022) and hsCRP (p=0.035) and HOMA index (p=0.009) were decreased significantly in the exercise group compared with the control group. No significant differences were found in lipid profile and sexual hormones between groups at the end of the study.Conclusion:We can conclude that 12 weeks combined aerobic-strengthening exercise program in women with poly cystic ovary syndrome can lead to a reduction of waist to hip ratio (WHR) and some cardiovascular risk factors (including insulin, FBS, HOMA index and HsCRP) along with an increase of prolactine level in these patients