Time Series Analysis of Nyala Rainfall Using ARIMA Method

This paper presents linear stochastic models known as multiplicative seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (SARIMA).The model is used to simulate monthly rainfall in Nyala station, Sudan. For the analysis, monthly rainfall data for the years 1971–2010 were used. The seasonality observed in Auto Correlation Function(ACF) and Partial Auto Correlation Function(PACF) plots of monthly rainfall data was removed using first order seasonal differencing prior to the development of the SARIMA model. Interestingly, the SARIMA (0,0,0)x(0,1,1)12 model developed was found to be most suitable for simulating monthly rainfall over Nyala station. This model is considered appropriate to forecast the monthly rainfall to assist decision makers to establish priorities for water demand, storage, distribution and disaster management

The issue of methodology adopted by Mustafa Abdel-Raziq and its effects

This academic thesis deals with the issue of methodology as used by Muṣṭafā Abdel-Rāziq (1885 - 1947). It is an issue that represents the essence of his academic philosophical thought. Muṣṭafā Abdel-Rāziq is considered one of the leading religious reformists, and he was the faithful disciple of f Muḥammad ʿAbdū, the second founder of this trend with Jamāl al- Dīn al-Afghanī. Muṣṭafā Abdel-Rāziq added a dimension of more breadth and accuracy by expanding on the contemporary range of general thought transforming it to an academic specialist thought. Abdel-Rāziq is the founder of the current academic discipline. This foundation is based primarily on his new theory about the philosophical creativity in Islamic Civilization He considered al manhaj al uṣūli or the methodology of uṣūl al fiqh a science that was always subject to classification within the religious legitimate sciences which makes it the focus of this philosophical creativity

Preface

Journal of Buffalo Science, Volume 1 Number 1, Prefac

Development Of A Mathematical Model To Predict Thermal Performance And Cost Effectiveness Of Solar Air Heaters

Energy is a subject of vital importance because of our great dependence on them in all aspects of life including social, economy and even in defence. In Malaysia the analyses of solar radiation at several main towns show that solar radiation has potential for drying purpose. This research is concerned with developing an internet-based mathematical model which is able to predict the thermal performance and cost effectiveness for different types of solar air heaters. The data and knowledge collected from published sources on solar collectors, literature review and the field survey along with personal communications in the solar energy field is used to develop an internet based mathematical model given the code name Mathematical Modeling for Solar Air Heaters (MMSAH). This Mathematical Model incorporates knowledge and able to calculate the parameters required to predict the thermal efficiency and the cost effectiveness of solar air heaters. These parameters are absorber plate temperature, the temperature of the transport fluid inside the duct flow,the output temperature and the overall heat loss coefficient. It also can calculate the fan power consumption to obtain the net energy gain which is required in the cost effectiveness calculation. The solution procedure is performed for flat and V-groove absorber in single and double flow mode, with and without porous media. The thermal performance was determined over a wide range of operating conditions. The optimum operating parameters with respect to the efficiency, outlet temperature and cost effectiveness have been determined. For mass flow rate it lies in the range of 0.025 to 0.045 kg/s, for channel flow depth the recommended ranges are 0.025 to 0.035 m for flat plate collector, 0.06 to 0.08 m for V-groove absorber and 0.04 to 0.055 m for lower duct in double flow double duct solar air heater. The optimum collector length for reasonable thermal performance and minimum annual cost per unit thermal energy gain was found to be between 1 and 3 m. For flat plate collector type it is found that the system thermal efficiency increases by 10-12% in double flow mode without porous media than single flow. An increase of 18% after using porous media in the lower channel than the single flow. For V-groove absorber type it is found that the double flow mode is 4-5% more efficient than the single flow mode. Observation shows that using the porous media in double flow increase the air heater efficiency by more than 7% efficient than the air heater in single mode and a further 2-3% in double flow mode without porous media. It is found that the annual cost of the collector in the double duct double pass flat plate collector with porous media is higher than the annual cost of the collector in double duct double pass flat plate collector without porous media and that is a consequence of using the porous media in which increase the pressure drop lead to increase in annual running cost. However the cost of solar energy (cost-benefit ratio); the annual cost of the collector/the annual thermal energy gain in double flow duct double duct flat plate collector with porous media is less than the cost of solar energy in double flow duct double duct flat plate collector without porous media due to the higher useful energy gained from using porous media which subsequently increase the heat transfer area. Also it is found that the cost-benefit ratio was affected by the flow depth. The developed program is capable of handling Malaysian ambient conditions, collector characteristics, and material thermal properties. The criteria for solar collector in Malaysia were used as the input in the program to simulate the performance of the solar air heaters. To assess the accuracy of the developed program, the mathematical model was validated by comparing its output with experimental results. The comparison conducted showed a similar agreement with maximum error of 5%. The technique seems to be promising since a great correlation has been obtained between the experimental and the predicted results (97.5% < R2 < 99.76% and P < 0.001)

In Vito Fertilization in Buffaloes: A Review

This is the review of original data concerning the effect of some factors on oocyte development in vitro of buffaloes. In vitro fertilization is a multi - step process: oocytes maturation, fertilization and embryo culture. In vitro fertilization is strongly influenced by events occurring during oocyte maturation, fertilization and the subsequent development of the fertilized oocytes. With the advancement of IVF procedures, variability in developmental rate and viability of in vitro produced buffalo embryos so, improving the efficiency and identifying the sources of variations between IVF systems are more important when routinely producing blastocysts from individuals of high genetic merits. Also, the development of specific culture regimes capable of supporting in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) to the blastocyst stage is highly desirable in breeding systems. This paper discusses the technical aspects of the procedures involved in in vitro fertilization of buffaloes

Beneficial effects of diacerein on adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered as a progressive liver disease, so effective therapies are needed to ameliorate hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, and to prevent the progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Diacerein is an anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits the synthesis and activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of diacerein on pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as adipokines involved in diet-induced NASH rat model.Methods: Thirty-two adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, diacerein-treated, NASH-untreated and NASH+diacerein-treated groups. NASH was induced by feeding rats with high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. Body weight, liver weight, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels for estimation of insulin resistance, blood lipids, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase were evaluated. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, visfatin and leptin were also detected. Histopathological examination of liver sections was performed.Results: Diacerein significantly reduced liver weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin level, transaminases and ameliorates insulin resistance with favourable effects on blood lipids. These results were accompanied with a significant reduction in serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and visfatin, while, adiponectin was significantly increased and leptin was insignificantly affected. Liver sections revealed that diacerein reduced steatosis and lobular inflammatory grades.Conclusions: These data suggest that diacerein administration may have a potential usefulness in the prevention of NASH as a possible result of inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the beneficial effects on adipokines especially adiponectin and visfatin

Effect of Royal Jelly on the Fertilizing Ability of Buffalo Spermatozoa In Vitro

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of addition of Royal jelly in presence of heparin on buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) sperm motility, acrosome reaction and in vitro fertilization (IVF) of buffalo oocytes. Frozen buffalo spermatozoa from five bulls were thawed and motile fraction was obtained by swim up technique. The spermatozoa were washed, treated with100 µg/ml heparin, and then exposed to 0.4% Royal Jelly (RJ) for 3 h. Sperm motility, acrosomal integrity and fertilization rate of matured oocytes were assessed at 1, 2 and 3 h. The percentages of sperm motility, intact acrosome and fertilization rate of matured oocytes were higher (P&lt;0.05) in 0.4% RJ compared to that in the control. After 2 h of incubation the percentage of motility, intact acrosome of spermatozoa and fertilization rate of matured oocytes, respectively, were 93.6 %, 77.6% and 72.6% in 0.4% RJ. These results suggest that treating buffalo sperm with 0.4% RJ in combination with heparin is effective not only to induce sperm acrosome reaction but also is effective for in vitro fertilizing capacity of the cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa

Initial Characterized L-spaces and Characterized L- topological Groups

In this research work, new topological notions are proposed and investigated. The notions are named initial characterized L-spaces and characterized L-topological groups. The properties of such notions are deeply studied. We show that the intitial characterized L-space for an characterized L-spaces exists. By this notion, the notions of characterized L-subspace and characterized product L-space are introduced and studied. More information can be found in the full paper