Espectrometria de infravermelho próximo na predição da textura de solos desenvolvidos de basalto.

A textura dos solos tem sido determinada através de métodos analíticos que muitas vezes são caros e lentos. Ademais, em solos muito argilosos, a dispersão química e mecânica nem sempre é eficiente em separar a fração silte da fração argila, superestimando o conteúdo de silte dos solos. O objetivo do trabalho foi testar a espectroscopia de reflectância de infravermelho próximo (NIRS) na avaliação da textura de solos de basalto. Foram coletadas 214 amostras de terra na região Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil, nos municípios de Bela Vista do Paraíso e Londrina, em áreas com predominância de Latossolos, Nitossolos e Neossolos, classificados. As amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-20 cm e 60-80 cm. Foi realizada análise textural pela dispersão química e mecânica e em seguida as amostras foram escaneadas em um espectrômetro modelo FOSS NIRS SYSTENS XDS, na banda de reflectância entre 400 e 2500 nm. Os dados espectrais foram analisados e comparados aos resultados obtidos com o método da pipeta, através do software WinISI III v. 1.61e. Foi possível verificar que na camada 60-80 cm os teores de argila foram superiores aos da camada 0-20 cm, em função de pequenas translocações de argila verificadas nesses solos. Em relação à predição da textura pelo NIRS, não foi possível obter boa acurácia para nenhuma das frações granulométricas analisadas, uma vez que os coeficientes de correlação da calibração foram apenas 0,55; 0,55 e 0,53 para argila, silte e areia, respectivamente. Nesta situação o indicado seria testar novos métodos de análise de referência e novos tratamentos estatísticos para se ter um melhor indicativo do potencial de uso da técnica

Nutritional value of meat lipid fraction obtained from mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) reared in semiextensive conditions for hunting purposes

Funding Information: The study received funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Therefore, there is no conflict of interest in this study. Funding Information: The authors thank to the company CAÇABRAVA (Santa Cita, Portugal), for providing the mallard duck specimens used in this study. The work was supported by FCT/MCTES through national funds, namely CIISA (UIDB/00276/2020) and AL4AnimalS (LA/P/0059/2020). The present manuscript is coauthored by researchers engaged with 5 different institutions belonging to the University and Research Centers. The present manuscript shows the reality of mallard duck being raised for hunting purposes by CAÇABRAVA. There is no direct or indirect link between the Researchers and CAÇABRAVA. The researchers have previously published other papers focusing on game meat quality. In those studies, as in this one, there is always the involvement of game producers or hunting farms, but sampling is permanently on the responsibility of the corresponding author. The study received funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Therefore, there is no conflict of interest in this study. Funding Information: The authors thank to the company CAÇABRAVA (Santa Cita, Portugal), for providing the mallard duck specimens used in this study. The work was supported by FCT/MCTES through national funds, namely CIISA ( UIDB/00276/2020 ) and AL4AnimalS ( LA/P/0059/2020 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The AuthorsThe mallard duck or wild duck (Anas platyrhynchos) is the world's most widespread and numerous dabbling duck, being traditionally hunted across many countries in Europe and North America. This study aims to provide a detailed characterization of mallard duck's meat lipid fraction obtained from farmed specimens, reared for hunting purposes, under semiextensive conditions. The mallard's duck meat total lipid content averaged 2.0 and 4.26 g/100 g of fresh meat in breast and leg meat portions, and its meat comprised 23 individual fatty acids (FA) and 3 dimethylacetals (DMA), independently of the sex or meat portion. The oleic (C18:1 cis-9), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), linoleic (C18:2n-6), arachidonic (C20:4n-6), palmitoleic (C16:1 cis-9), and cis-vaccenic (C18:1 cis-11) acids were the predominant FA (representing >1% of total fatty acids in both breast and leg meat portions and independently of the sex), and together, these 7 fatty acids were accountable for 92.4 to 96.5% of total FA plus DMA in mallard duck meat. The monounsaturated, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were accountable for 40.4, 35.0, and 21.0% of total FA plus DMA in breast and 54.6, 38.7, and 5.7% of total fatty acids in leg, while total DMA were liable for 3.6 and 0.9% of total FA plus DMA in breast and leg, respectively. The mallard duck meat total cholesterol content averaged 49.8 and 57.1 mg/100 g of fresh meat for breast and leg meat portions. Five tocochromanols were quantified in mallard duck meat, affording it with a total vitamin E content of 5.48 and 3.63 µg/g of fresh meat in breast and leg portions. The sex had no influence (P > 0.05) on mallard's duck meat lipid composition, but meat portion had a strong influence on mallard's duck meat lipid composition, influencing total lipid, total cholesterol, total vitamin E contents, FA partial sums, FA ratios (exception made for the n-6/n-3 ratio), and all nutritional lipid indices. The breast meat presented lower total lipid and total cholesterol contents, better FA ratios and nutritional quality indices and higher vitamin E content, being regarded as a healthier meat than leg. The study presented herein shows that mallard duck production in semiextensive conditions, similar to those used herein, could be used for the production of mallard duck beyond hunting. A production of duck's meat under natural or organic production practices, oriented to a market niche within the gourmet/organic markets.publishersversionpublishe

eficiência de piraclostrobina como indutor de resistência em cana-de-açúcar a meloidoginose

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a eficiência da indução de resistência como nova alternativa no manejo integrado em cana-de-açúcar no estado de Pernambuco

A General Approach for Predicting the Filtration of Soft and Permeable Colloids: The Milk Example

Membrane filtration operations (ultra-, microfiltration) are now extensively used for concentrating or separating an ever-growing variety of colloidal dispersions. However, the phenomena that determine the efficiency of these operations are not yet fully understood. This is especially the case when dealing with colloids that are soft, deformable, and permeable. In this paper, we propose a methodology for building a model that is able to predict the performance (flux, concentration profiles) of the filtration of such objects in relation with the operating conditions. This is done by focusing on the case of milk filtration, all experiments being performed with dispersions of milk casein micelles, which are sort of ″natural″ colloidal microgels. Using this example, we develop the general idea that a filtration model can always be built for a given colloidal dispersion as long as this dispersion has been characterized in terms of osmotic pressure Π and hydraulic permeability k. For soft and permeable colloids, the major issue is that the permeability k cannot be assessed in a trivial way like in the case for hard-sphere colloids. To get around this difficulty, we follow two distinct approaches to actually measure k: a direct approach, involving osmotic stress experiments, and a reverse-calculation approach, that consists of estimating k through well-controlled filtration experiments. The resulting filtration model is then validated against experimental measurements obtained from combined milk filtration/SAXS experiments. We also give precise examples of how the model can be used, as well as a brief discussion on the possible universality of the approach presented here

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil

The first case of COVID-19 was detected in Brazil on 25 February 2020. We report and contextualize epidemiological, demographic and clinical findings for COVID-19 cases during the first 3 months of the epidemic. By 31 May 2020, 514,200 COVID-19 cases, including 29,314 deaths, had been reported in 75.3% (4,196 of 5,570) of municipalities across all five administrative regions of Brazil. The R0 value for Brazil was estimated at 3.1 (95% Bayesian credible interval = 2.4–5.5), with a higher median but overlapping credible intervals compared with some other seriously affected countries. A positive association between higher per-capita income and COVID-19 diagnosis was identified. Furthermore, the severe acute respiratory infection cases with unknown aetiology were associated with lower per-capita income. Co-circulation of six respiratory viruses was detected but at very low levels. These findings provide a comprehensive description of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil and may help to guide subsequent measures to control virus transmission

Genomic Surveillance of Yellow Fever Virus Epizootic in São Paulo, Brazil, 2016 – 2018

São Paulo, a densely inhabited state in southeast Brazil that contains the fourth most populated city in the world, recently experienced its largest yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in decades. YFV does not normally circulate extensively in São Paulo, so most people were unvaccinated when the outbreak began. Surveillance in non-human primates (NHPs) is important for determining the magnitude and geographic extent of an epizootic, thereby helping to evaluate the risk of YFV spillover to humans. Data from infected NHPs can give more accurate insights into YFV spread than when using data from human cases alone. To contextualise human cases, identify epizootic foci and uncover the rate and direction of YFV spread in São Paulo, we generated and analysed virus genomic data and epizootic case data from NHPs in São Paulo. We report the occurrence of three spatiotemporally distinct phases of the outbreak in São Paulo prior to February 2018. We generated 51 new virus genomes from YFV positive cases identified in 23 different municipalities in São Paulo, mostly sampled from NHPs between October 2016 and January 2018. Although we observe substantial heterogeneity in lineage dispersal velocities between phylogenetic branches, continuous phylogeographic analyses of generated YFV genomes suggest that YFV lineages spread in São Paulo at a mean rate of approximately 1km per day during all phases of the outbreak. Viral lineages from the first epizootic phase in northern São Paulo subsequently dispersed towards the south of the state to cause the second and third epizootic phases there. This alters our understanding of how YFV was introduced into the densely populated south of São Paulo state. Our results shed light on the sylvatic transmission of YFV in highly fragmented forested regions in São Paulo state and highlight the importance of continued surveillance of zoonotic pathogens in sentinel species

A matriz fofa aplicada no grupo de mulheres de Margarida do Estado do Paraná.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo aplicar a matriz FOFA (fortalezas, oportunidades, fraqueza e ameaças) que tem como finalidade identificar, analisar e visualizar a situação atual de um grupo para conseguir um fortalecimento organizativo