Analisis dan penilaian prestasi lengah lepas tangan menggunakan protokol pencetusan sesi (SIP) bagi sistem terintegrasi UMTS-WLAN

Teknologi rangkaian tanpa vvayar 4G merupakan penggabungan beberapa teknologi rangkaian capaian yang berbeza seperti rangkaian Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) dan Rangkaian Kawasan Setempat Tanpa Wayar (WLAN). Rangkaian 4G menyokong mobiliti tanpa kelim {seamless) dalam menjanjikan perhubungan dan perkhidmatan yang terbaik kepada pelanggan. Protokol Pencetusan Sesi (SIP) yang berada pada lapisan aplikasi telah diramalkan sebagai calon terbaik bagi menguruskan mobiliti di dalam rangkaian 4G. Rangkaian 4G yang menawarkan aplikasi multimedia dalam perkhidmatannya mesti mempunyai lengah lepas tangan yang rendah bagi mencapai objektif penubuhannya. Tujuan utama disertasi ini adalah untuk menilai lengah lepas tangan bagi sistem terintegrasi UMTSWLAN yang menggunakan SIP sebagai protokol pengisyaratan. Model simulasi menggunakan MATLAB dibangunkan untuk menilai prestasi lengah lepas tangan tersebut. Model simulasi menggambarkan pergerakan hos mobil ke rangkaian UMTS dan WLAN. Lengah lepas tangan yang berlaku diukur berdasarkan model analitik. Prestasi lengah lepas tangan dinilai berdasarkan perubahan kadar ralat kerangka (FER), kadar ketibaan sesi SIP dan halaju hos mobil (MIT) semasa MH bergerak ke rangkaian UMTS dan WLAN. Keputusan simulasi menunjukkan bahawa lengah lepas tangan meningkat dengan penambahan FER dan kadar ketibaan sesi SIP. Halaju kebolehgerakan pengguna memberi kesan terhadap nilai lengah lepas tangan. Keputusan juga menunjukkan lengah lepas tangan minimum yang berlaku sewaktu MH bergerak ke rangkaian UMTS adalah 1.9565 saat dengan lebar jalur saluran 128kbps dan ke rangkaian WLAN adalah sekitar 0.8651 saat dengan lebar jalur saluran 11 Mbps. Berdasarkan nilai ini, lengah lepas tangan semasa MH bergerak ke rangkaian UMTS atau WLAN adalah tidak boleh diterima untuk penjurusan multimedia. Di dalam kajian ini didapati capaian tanpa wayar GPRS menyumbang lengah terbesar daripada keseluruhan lengah lepas tangan ke rangkaian UMTS

Challenges to describe QoS requirements for web services quality prediction to support web services interoperability in electronic commerce

Quality of service (QoS) is significant and necessary for web service applications quality assurance. Furthermore, web services quality has contributed to the successful implementation of Electronic Commerce (EC) applications. However, QoS is still the big issue for web services research and remains one of the main research questions that need to be explored. We believe that QoS should not only be measured but should also be predicted during the development and implementation stages. However, there are challenges and constraints to determine and choose QoS requirements for high quality web services. Therefore, this paper highlights the challenges for the QoS requirements prediction as they are not easy to identify. Moreover, there are many different perspectives and purposes of web services, and various prediction techniques to describe QoS requirements. Additionally, the paper introduces a metamodel as a concept of what makes a good web service

Sustainable economic development : concept, principles and management from Islamic perspective

The basic concern of development in Islamic economic system is on human welfare. This is in line with the very basic objective of Islamic jurisprudence (Shari’ah ) which puts important to the welfare of the people and their relief from hardship. Economic development should be consistent with this central objective of shari`ah. The center for development process in Islam relies on man as an economic agent. It is man to be educated on the entire development process by integrating sosial development, economic development and environmental conservation and protection. This paper attempts to explain the concept, principles and management of sustainable economic development from Islamic perspective. The paper would start by defining the concept of sustainable economic development and development goals. Next, the Islamic principles for sustainable economic development would be discussed, followed by the discussion on the management of sustainable economic development from Islamic perspective. In conclusion, the paper strongly suggests the economic development process to fully adhere to the Islamic principles as the key for sustainable development which covers both the material and non-material aspects of life. Keywords: Sustainable development, Economic development, management, Islamic economics, economic syste

The influence of classical interpretation on the law of guarantees in the United Arab Emirates.

During the past four decades, the world has awakened with the reassertion of Islamic law in the Muslim world. At this point, the reassertion also means the embedment of classical interpretations in modern law as they are regarded as part of Islamic law. The question that arises is how far these classical interpretations bind modern legislators and to what extent, if any, classical interpretations influence the development of modern legal principles. This article seeks to clarify these issues through the examination of the law of guarantees in the United Arab Emirates. Both classical and modern legal sources of the United Arab Emirates have been examined for the above purpose. The study demonstrates that classical interpretation has a profound influence in the development of the law of guarantees in the United Arab Emirates

Islamic law and modern guarantees in Malaysia

The guarantee is regarded as the most common instrument used in the business of commercial banks. Being simplest and least expensive, it is regarded as the most acceptable form of security in the banking lending transactions. However, due to the ‘unfettered discretion’ that the law gives to the creditor banker upon defaults, the reception of the instrument has decreased. This paper seeks to discuss the above issue in the light of Islamic legal point vis-à-vis the current position of Malaysian law of guarantee. The paper suggests that amendments should be made to the existing laws and this could be made through the process of harmonization of Islamic and Malaysian laws

Palm biomass downdraft gasification for producer gas production as renewable energy / Zulkifli Ab Rahman

Biomass has been identified as a useful source material for many applications including the production of renewable energy after gasification of the biomass. The most promising future application of the thermal gasification of biomass will require a properly designed biomass gasification generating of tar free producer gas having trouble free operation of gasifier. In the current study, an experimental fixed-bed palm biomass gasification is utilized to investigate the gasification of empty fruit bunches using preheated air from 200oC to 400oC under autothermic conditions. The system consists of a gasifier and a gas cleaning system including cyclone separator, and venturi-wet scrubber

Q-Switching and mode-locking pulse generation based on passive techniques / Amri Ab. Rahman

The field of fiber lasers and fiber optic devices has experienced a sustained rapid growth despite witnessing the infamous ‘telecom bubble burst’. All-fiber optic devices have inherent advantages of relatively low cost, compact design, light weight, low maintenance, and increased vibration tolerances. In this research, various new fiber lasers operating in Q-switching and mode-locking modes are proposed and demonstrated. At first, Q-switched Erbiumdoped fiber lasers are demonstrated using a homemade passive saturable absorber (SA) based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene oxide films. For instance, with the use of a SWCNTs-Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) SA, the laser has a multiwavelength output at 1533.5 nm region with a repetition rate of 13.1 kHz, pulse width of 7.2 μs and pulse energy of 21 nJ at the pump power of 64 mW. Two mode-locked EDFLs are also demonstrated using a homemade SA based on SWCNTs

Tahap kompetensi lulusan Diploma Akauntansi Politeknik : satu kajian persepsi majikan

Perubahan persekitaran yang beriaku di daiam dunia pemiagaan teiah memberi tekanan kepada profesion perakaunan. Profesion menghadapi cabaran yang datang bersama-sama perkembangan di daiam ekonomi giobal yang menuntut kompetensi dalam aspek-aspek pengetahuan, kemahiran dan sikap. Kajian yang berbentuk deskriptif ini bertujuan meninjau persepsi majikan terhadap tahap kompetensi iuiusan Dipioma Akauntansi Politeknik dalam aspek pengetahuan, kemahiran, sikap dan etika kerja. Populasi kajian adalah majikan kepada lulusan Diploma Akauntansi daripada tiga buah politeknik iaitu Politeknik Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah, Kedah dan Politeknik Kuching, Sarawak. Borang soal selidik dihantar melalui pos kepada 66 orang responden dan 25 borang telah dikembalikan. Dengan menggunakan perisian ^afMf/ca/ Package For $oc;a/ .Sc/eKces (SPSS) Versi 10.0, datadata dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif untuk mendapatkan peratusan dan nilai min. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan majikan berpendapat bahawa lulusan Diploma Akauntansi Politeknik mempunyai tahap kompetensi yang sederhana dalam aspekaspek pengetahuan dan kemahiran, manakala mempunyai tahap kompetensi yang tinggi dalam aspek-aspek sikap dan etika kerja. Secara keseluruhannya majikan berpendapat lulusan Diploma Akauntansi Politeknik mempunyai tahap kompetensi yang sederhana

Common law rights and liabilities in relationship debt

Relationship debt is a term usually used to describe a situation where a woman becomes liable for the debt of her spouse or partner. This occurs when she becomes the guarantor for her partner's loan or when she is co-borrowing with her partner. She becomes liable for the whole loan when her partner fails to meet the loan. Most of the time, woman will signed the loan agreement without acknowledging the legal and financial obligation. She signed it purely on a basis of relationship of dependence and emotional ties that exist between the woman and her partner. Is there a legal protection for them? This is a review paper on the common law position towards these women in the United Kingdom, Australia and Malaysia. It explores on the legal mechanism for which this woman can argue in the court of law so as to avoid being liable for her partner's debt