Contribution of portuguese vernacular building strategies to indoor thermal comfort and occupants’ perception

Solar passive strategies that have been developed in vernacular architecture from different regions are a response to specific climate effects. These strategies are usually simple, low-tech and have low potential environmental impact. For this reason, several studies highlight them as having potential to reduce the demands of non-renewable energy for buildings operation. In this paper, the climatic contrast between northern and southern parts of mainland Portugal is presented, namely the regions of Beira Alta and Alentejo. Additionally, it discusses the contribution of different climate-responsive strategies developed in vernacular architecture from both regions to assure thermal comfort conditions. In Beira Alta, the use of glazed balconies as a strategy to capture solar gains is usual, while in Alentejo the focus is on passive cooling strategies. To understand the effectiveness of these strategies, thermal performances and comfort conditions of two case studies were evaluated based on the adaptive comfort model. Field tests included measurement of hygrothermal parameters and surveys on occupants’ thermal sensation. From the results, it has been found that the case studies have shown a good thermal performance by passive means alone and that the occupants feel comfortable, except during winter where there is the need to use simple heating systems.The authors would like to acknowledge the support granted by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the scope of the project with the reference EXPL/ECM-COM/1801/2013, and in the scope of the Doctoral Program Eco-Construction and Rehabilitation that supports the PhD scholarship with the reference PD/BD/113641/2015, that were fundamental for the development of this study. The authors also wish to thank the owners of case study buildings, Jose Pombo, Joao Cordovil and Isabel Gaivao, and also to Direcao Regional de Agricultura e Pescas do Norte (DRAPN) for helping and supporting this research work

FAMILY FUNCTIONALITY REGARDING THE ELDERLY WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS: THE CARETAKER'S PERCEPTION

The objectives of this study were to characterize the caregivers of elderly individuals with cognitive impairment living in different contexts of social vulnerability, and assess the family functionality of the elderly as perceived by the caregivers. Family functionality was evaluated using the Family APGAR instrument, assessed during home interviews with 72 caretakers. All the ethical aspects were observed. Spearman's correlation and the Mann-Whitney test were used, with 5% significance level (p<0.05). Results show that 82% of caregivers reported a good family functionality, 14% reported moderate family dysfunction, and 4% reported high family dysfunction. A statistically significant correlation was found between Family APGAR and the number of people living in the house (p=0.048). Further studies could verify the relationship between family functionality and the caretaker's overload in the context of elderly persons with dementia.4651141114

High 1,4-syn-induction in the addition of chiral allyltrichlorostannanes to chiral aldehydes

Chiral and achiral allyltrichlorostannanes reacted with chiral aldehydes to give the corresponding homoallylic alcohols with good to high diastereoselectivities. This approach has been applied to the synthesis of hydroxyethylene dipeptide isosteres L-682, 679, L-684,414, L-685,434 and L-685,458.1024026

The BINGO Project: III. Optical design and optimization of the focal plane

Context. The Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO) telescope was designed to measure the fluctuations of the 21 cm radiation arising from the hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen. It is also aimed at measuring the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) from such fluctuations, thereby serving as a pathfinder to future, deeper intensity mapping surveys. The requirements for the Phase 1 of the projects consider a large reflector system (two 40 m-class dishes in a crossed-Dragone configuration) illuminating a focal plane with 28 horns to measure the sky, with two circular polarizations in a drift scan mode to produce measurements of the radiation in intensity (I) as well as the circular (V) polarization. Aims. In this paper, we present the optical design for the instrument. We describe the optical arrangement of the horns in the focal plane to produce a homogeneous and well-sampled map after the end of Phase 1, as well as the intensity and polarization properties of the beams. Our analysis provides an optimal model for the location of the horns in the focal plane, producing a homogeneous and Nyquist-sampled map after the nominal survey time. Methods. We used the GRASP package to model the focal plane arrangement and performed several optimization tasks to arrive at the current configuration, including an estimation of the sidelobes corresponding to the diffraction patterns of the two mirrors. The final model for the focal plane was defined through a combination of neural network and other direct optimization methods. Results. We arrived at an optimal configuration for the optical system that includes the focal plane positioning and the beam behavior of the instrument. We present an estimate of the expected sidelobes both for intensity and polarization, as well as the effect of band averaging on the final sidelobes, as well as an estimation of the cross-polarization leakage for the final configuration. Conclusions. We conclude that the chosen optical design meets the requirements for the project in terms of polarization purity and area coverage as well as a homogeneity of coverage so that BINGO can perform a successful BAO experiment. We further conclude that the requirements on the placement and rms error on the mirrors are also achievable so that a successful experiment can be conducted

The BINGO project: VII. Cosmological forecasts from 21 cm intensity mapping

Context. The 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen (HI) opens a new avenue in our exploration of the structure and evolution of the Universe. It provides complementary data to the current large-scale structure (LSS) observations with different systematics, and thus it will be used to improve our understanding of the Icold dark matter (ICDM) model. This will ultimately constrain our cosmological models, attack unresolved tensions, and test our cosmological paradigm. Among several radio cosmological surveys designed to measure this line, BINGO is a single-dish telescope mainly designed to detect baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) at low redshifts (0.127 < z < 0.449). Aims. Our goal is to assess the fiducial BINGO setup and its capabilities of constraining the cosmological parameters, and to analyze the effect of different instrument configurations. Methods. We used the 21 cm angular power spectra to extract cosmological information about the HI signal and the Fisher matrix formalism to study BINGO's projected constraining power. Results. We used the Phase 1 fiducial configuration of the BINGO telescope to perform our cosmological forecasts. In addition, we investigated the impact of several instrumental setups, taking into account some instrumental systematics, and different cosmological models. Combining BINGO with Planck temperature and polarization data, the projected constraint improves from a 13% and 25% precision measurement at the 68% confidence level with Planck only to 1% and 3% for the Hubble constant and the dark energy (DE) equation of state (EoS), respectively, within the wCDM model. Assuming a Chevallier- Polarski- Linder (CPL) parameterization, the EoS parameters have standard deviations given by w0 = 0.30 and wa = 1.2, which are improvements on the order of 30% with respect to Planck alone. We also compared BINGO's fiducial forecast with future SKA measurements and found that, although it will not provide competitive constraints on the DE EoS, significant information about HI distribution can be acquired. We can access information about the HI density and bias, obtaining 8.5% and 6% precision, respectively, assuming they vary with redshift at three independent bins. BINGO can also help constrain alternative models, such as interacting dark energy and modified gravity models, improving the cosmological constraints significantly. Conclusions. The fiducial BINGO configuration will be able to extract significant cosmological information from the HI distribution and provide constraints competitive with current and future cosmological surveys. It will also help in understanding the HI physics and systematic effects

Gene-gene interaction affects coronary artery disease risk.

Introdução: Existem vários estudos que comparam doentes coronários e controlos, no sentido de determinar quais os polimorfismos que apresentam risco acrescido de doença das artérias coronárias (DC). Os seus resultados têm sido muitas vezes contraditórios, mas apresentam uma limitação suplementar: avaliam os polimorfismos um a um, quando na natureza os polimorfismos não existem isolados. Põe-se a questão se serão mais importantes associações de polimorfismos mutados no mesmo gene ou em genes diferentes. Objectivo: Com o presente trabalho pretendemos avaliar o risco da associação de polimorfismos em termos de aparecimento de DC no mesmo gene ou em genes diferentes. Metodologia: Estudámos em 298 doentes coronários e 298 controlos sãos o risco associado aos polimorfismos (genótipos considerados de risco), DD da Enzima de Converaão da Angiotensina (ECA) I/D; GG da ECA 8, MM do Angiotensinogénio (AGT) 174; TT do AGT 235; TT da Metiltetrahidrofolato Reductase (MTHFR) 677; AA da MTHFR 1298;RR da Paraoxonase1 (PON1) 192 e MM da PON1 55. Posteriormente avaliámos o risco ligado às associações no mesmo gene (DD da ECA + GG da ECA 8; MM do AGT174 + TT do AGT 235; TT da MTHFR 677 + AA da MTHFR 1298). Finalmente, nos polimorfismos que isoladamente apresentavam significância, avaliámos o risco das associações de polimorfismos a níveis funcionais diferentes (ECA + AGT; ECA + MTHFR; ECA + PON1. Finalmente através de um modelo de regressão logística fomos determinar quais as variáveis que se relacionavam de forma significativa e independente com a DC. Resultados: Os polimorfismos isolados como: ECA DD [P<0.0001], ECA 8 GG [P=0,023], e MTHFR 1298 AA [P=0,049]), apresentaram uma frequência mais elevada nos casos, associando-se de forma significativa ao grupo com DC. A associação de polimorfismos no mesmo gene não teve efeito sinergístico ou aditivo e não aumentou o risco de DC. A associação polimórfica em genes diferentes aumentou o risco de DC quando comparada com o risco do polimorfismo isolado. No caso da associação da ECA DD ou ECA 8 GG com a PON1 192 RR, o risco quadruplicou (OR passou de 1,8 para 4,2). Após regressão logística o hábito tabágico, a história familiar, o fibrinogénio, diabetes, a associação ECA DD ou ECA 8 GG com a MTHFR 1298 AA e a interacção ECA DD ou ECA 8 GG com a PON1 192 RR permaneceram na equação, mostrando ser factores de risco independente para DC. Conclusões: A associação de polimorfismos mutados no mesmo gene nunca aumentou o risco do polimorfismo isolado. A associação com interacção de polimorfismos mutados em genes diferentes, pertencentes a sistemas fisiopatológicos e enzimáticos diferentes, esteve sempre associada a maior risco do que cada polimorfismo por si. Este trabalho levanta, pela primeira vez, a possibilidade de tentativa de compreensão do risco genético coronário em conjunto e não de cada polimorfismo por si.INTRODUCTION: Various studies have compared coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with controls in order to determine which polymorphisms are associated with a higher risk of disease. The results have often been contradictory. Moreover, these studies evaluated polymorphisms in isolation and not in association, which is the way they occur in nature. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the risk of CAD in patients with associated polymorphisms in the same gene or in differen genes. METHODS: We evaluated the risk associated with ACE DD, ACE 8 CC, ACT 174MM, AGT 235TT, MTHFR 677TT, MTHFR 1298AA, PON1 192RR and PON1 55MM in 298 CAD patients and 298 healthy individuals. We then evaluated the risk of associated polymorphisms in the same gene (ACE DD + ACE 8GG; AGT 174MM + AGT 235TT; MTHFR 677TT + MTHFR 1298AA). Finally, for the isolated polymorphisms which were significant, we evaluated the risk of polymorphism associations at different functional levels (ACE + AGT; ACE + MTHFR; ACE + PON1). Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for CAD. RESULTS: Isolated polymorphisms including ACE DD(p < 0.0001), ACE 8 gg (p=0.023), and MTHFR 1298AA (p = 0.049) presented with a significantly higher frequency in the CAD group. An association of polymorphisms in the same gene did not have an additive or synergistic effect, nor did it increase the risk of CAD. Polymorphic associations in different genes increased the risk of CAD, compared with the isolated polymorphisms. The association of ACE DD or ACE 8 GG with PON1 192RR increased the risk of CA fourfold (1.8 to 4.2). After logistic regression analysis, current smoking, family history, fibrinogen, diabetes, and the ACE DD or ACE 8 GG + MTHFR 1298AA and ACE DD or ACE 8 GG + PON1 192RR associations remained in the, model and proved to be independent predictors of CAD. CONCLUSIONS: The association of polymorphisms in the same gene did not increase the risk of the isolated polymorphism. The association of polymorphisms in genes belonging to different enzyme systems was always linked to increased risk compared to the isolated polymorphisms. This study may contribute to a better understanding of overall genetic risk for CAD rather than that associated with each polymorphism in isolation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The BINGO project: V. Further steps in component separation and bispectrum analysis

Context. Observing the neutral hydrogen distribution across the Universe via redshifted 21 cm line intensity mapping constitutes a powerful probe for cosmology. However, the redshifted 21 cm signal is obscured by the foreground emission from our Galaxy and other extragalactic foregrounds. This paper addresses the capabilities of the BINGO survey to separate such signals. Aims. We show that the BINGO instrumental, optical, and simulations setup is suitable for component separation, and that we have the appropriate tools to understand and control foreground residuals. Specifically, this paper looks in detail at the different residuals left over by foreground components, shows that a noise-corrected spectrum is unbiased, and shows that we understand the remaining systematic residuals by analyzing nonzero contributions to the three-point function. Methods. We use the generalized needlet internal linear combination, which we apply to sky simulations of the BINGO experiment for each redshift bin of the survey. We use binned estimates of the bispectrum of the maps to assess foreground residuals left over after component separation in the final map. Results. We present our recovery of the redshifted 21 cm signal from sky simulations of the BINGO experiment, including foreground components. We test the recovery of the 21 cm signal through the angular power spectrum at different redshifts, as well as the recovery of its non-Gaussian distribution through a bispectrum analysis. We find that non-Gaussianities from the original foreground maps can be removed down to, at least, the noise limit of the BINGO survey with such techniques. Conclusions. Our component separation methodology allows us to subtract the foreground contamination in the BINGO channels down to levels below the cosmological signal and the noise, and to reconstruct the 21 cm power spectrum for different redshift bins without significant loss at multipoles 20≲ l ≲ 500. Our bispectrum analysis yields strong tests of the level of the residual foreground contamination in the recovered 21 cm signal, thereby allowing us to both optimize and validate our component separation analysis

Imaging Electronic Correlations in Twisted Bilayer Graphene near the Magic Angle

Twisted bilayer graphene with a twist angle of around 1.1{\deg} features a pair of isolated flat electronic bands and forms a strongly correlated electronic platform. Here, we use scanning tunneling microscopy to probe local properties of highly tunable twisted bilayer graphene devices and show that the flat bands strongly deform when aligned with the Fermi level. At half filling of the bands, we observe the development of gaps originating from correlated insulating states. Near charge neutrality, we find a previously unidentified correlated regime featuring a substantially enhanced flat band splitting that we describe within a microscopic model predicting a strong tendency towards nematic ordering. Our results provide insights into symmetry breaking correlation effects and highlight the importance of electronic interactions for all filling factors in twisted bilayer graphene.Comment: Main text 9 pages, 4 figures; Supplementary Information 25 page