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Not AvailableAn experiment was conducted involving Kadaknath layers (n=108) during 26–40 weeks of age to evaluate optimum energy, protein and amino acid profile for egg production performance. Six dietary treatments were formulated with two levels of energy(2600 kcal and 2400 kcal ME/kg) and three levels of protein (16.0, 14.0 and 12.0% maintaining amino acid profile on protein basis) at each energy level following 2 x 3 factorial design. Each of such diet was offered to 18 hens, kept in individual laying cages under similar management condition, from 2640 wk of age. Results indicated that feed intake, hen-day egg production, egg-weight and feed conversion efficiency did not differ statistically due to either dietary protein levels or protein and energy interaction. However, significantly higher (P<0.05) egg production was recorded at 2600 kcal ME/kg diet than its counterpart 2400 kcal ME/kg diet. A non-significant decrease in egg production with decreased level of protein was observed. Moreover, though egg production did not differ due to interaction of energy and protein but higher (66.06%) egg production was recorded with better FCR (3.82) in diet with 2600 kcal ME/kg and 16% protein. It could be concluded that the optimum dietary energy, protein and amino acids levels were 2600 kcal ME/kg, 16.0% CP, 0.86% lysine, 0.31% methionine and 0.63% threonine for optimum production performance of Kadaknath layers.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableFeeding poultry with GM crops.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableNutritional requirements of various poultry species have been included in the present publication. These are based on research works conducted in India and elsewhere, and practical experience in feeding under commercial farms and experimental stations. However, while formulating precision feeding of poultry, precise nutrient supply need to established and be further fine-tuned with the improvement in genetic makeup, climate change and consumers’ demand to supply eggs and meat with functional or designer properties. The suggested requirements of various nutrients are given for various categories of poultry birds, based on the research observations in India and abroad.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn experiment was designed to assess the effect of in ovo and pre-starter amino acid supplementation on growth performance and immune response of broiler chicken. Two hundred and sixty Cobb broiler eggs of uniform size were set for incubation. The fertile eggs were divided into two groups; one group was administered with in ovo amino acid solution (lysine 22 mg, methionine 10 mg and threonine 16 mg per egg) into the amniotic cavity on day 18 of incubation and other group remained without administration. After hatching, the chicks from each of the two groups were further sub-divided into two groups (with or without post-hatch amino acid supplementation) resulting in four groups. The post-hatch supplemented groups were fed a diet supplemented with 25% higher level of amino acids (lysine 1.68 mg, methionine 0.63 mg and threonine 0.99 mg). Consequently, group I served as a control without in ovo and without post-hatch supplementation, group II was without in ovo and with post-hatch supplementation, group III was with in ovo and without post-hatch supplementation, and group IV was with in ovo and with posthatch supplementation. The results showed a decreased hatchability on in ovo administration of amino acids. Chick weight and egg weight did not vary significantly (P>0.05). The BW gain, feed intake and FCR during 0–3 weeks of age did not differ (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. On the other hand, in ovo administration of amino acids alone or in combination with post-hatch supplemented diet significantly (P0.05) in terms of in ovo, post-hatch supplementation or their interaction. The in ovo or post-hatch supplementation of amino acids diet did not influence (P>0.05) the weights of digestive organs except for significantly (P>0.05) higher breast meat weight in post-hatch supplemented diet. It is concluded that supplementation of lysine, methionine and threonine in ovo and in pre-starter diet is beneficial for growth and breast meat yield of broiler chicken.Not Availabl

Effects of in ovo injection of amino acids on hatching performance, cell-mediated immunity and blood profile of FUNAAB Alpha broiler chickens

In the study, the effects of in ovo injection of amino acids (L-methionine, L-lysine, and Larginine) and their combinations on hatching traits, post-hatch performance, cell-mediated immune response and blood profile of FUNAAB Alpha broiler chicken were evaluated. The study was carried out in two trials. In the first trial, a total of 360 hatching eggs of indigenous chicken were fumigated, weighed and placed in the incubator. On day 14 of incubation, candling was done and eggs with living embryos were distributed into four treatments; Control (un-injected eggs), L-methionine injected eggs, L-arginine injected eggs and Llysineinjected eggs. Each egg was injected 0.5 mL solution of the amino acid on day 18. Hatched chicks were distributed into three replicates containing 30 chicks each. In trial 2, another 360 hatching eggs were used in the treatments which were; Control (eggs without amino acid injection), L-arginine injected eggs, combination of L-arginine and Lmethionine injected eggs and combination of L-arginine and L-lysine injected eggs. On day 21 post-hatch, cell-mediated immune response, haematological and serum biochemical parameters were determined. Data obtained from the two trials were subjected to Completely Randomized Design. Results revealed the highest hatchability of 70.27% in the control treatment (un-injected), followed by 51.35% in arginine-injected eggs with the lowest (2.70%) in methionine-injected eggs. Arginine was found to enhance hatchability while L-methionine injected in ovo decreased hatchability. In the second trial, the results showed highest hatchability (89.58%) in eggs under the control, followed by 39.29%, 30.80% and 21.43% in eggs injected with the combination of arginine and lysine, arginine injected eggs, and those with arginine and methionine combination, respectively. Significant (p&lt;0.05) differences in growth performance were only observed in the feed conversion ratio and percentage survivability. Better feed conversion ratio of 2.18 and 2.29 were recorded in birds injected with arginine and the control as against those subjected to combined arginine and methionine (2.96) as well as combined arginine and lysine (3.12). Survivability of 100% was recorded in chickens from arginine-injected eggs in ovo injection and chickens from eggs injected with the combination of arginine and methionine. The study concluded that in ovo injection of arginine either singly or in combination with lysine or methionine positively influenced hatchability, chick weight and growth performance without any deleterious effect on the blood profile of the post-hatch chicks. Keywords: L-arginine, L-methionine, L-lysine, Cell-mediated Immunity, Blood profile, Duodenal histology, Indigenous Chicke

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Escala de desesperanza de Beck (BHS):adaptación y características psicométricas

ALIAGA TOVAR, Jaime [et al.].Escala de desesperanza de Beck (BHS): adaptación y características psicométricas. Revista de Investigación en Psicología [en línea]. 2006, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 69-79. ISSN 1560-909x.En este artículo presentamos la adaptación y el estudio psicométrico de la confiabilidad y validez de la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck (BHS) en la población de Lima Metropolitana. La traducción se realizó con la técnica back translation. La muestra de estudio fue de 782 sujetos (327 varones y 445 mujeres) con edades entre 13 a 19 años (mediana=19 años); dividida en siete grupos: personas con intento de suicidio (n=26); pacientes con depresión mayor o trastorno bipolar (n=23); hipertensos, asmáticos y tuberculosos (n=68); pacientes esquizofrénicos paranoides y con trastornos afectivos (n=22); pacientes dependientes a la pasta básica de cocaína (n=25); estudiantes del 6to. grado de primaria (n=51); y, amas de casa, estudiantes del quinto de secundaria, universitarios, docentes (n=567; población general). El coeficiente alfa de Crombach es de 0.80 (n=782) y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de los puntajes del test-retest con un intervalo de dos semanas es 0.60 (n=100). La correlación de la BHS con los ítems que evalúan la desesperanza de la escala de depresión de Beck (BID) es de 0.46; y la correlación con la BID sin los ítemes de desesperanza es de 0.40. El análisis factorial con la técnica de los componentes principales y rotación varimax encuentra 6 factores que explican el 49.32% de la varianza. También se observa que el sexo no se correlaciona con la BHS, pero sí lo hace la edad (p<0.01). Por último, se halla que los pacientes con depresión mayor o trastorno bipolar se agrupan mayoritariamente en las categorías moderado/severo de desesperanza; y los sujetos del grupo población general; los asmáticos, hipertensos, asmáticos, así como los adictos a la PBC se agrupan mayoritariamente en las categorías Normal-asintomático/leve de desesperanza. Se concluye que la BHS adaptada evalúa un constructo psicológicamente significativo y puede ser usada con propósitos de screning

Value addition of corn husks through enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides

ABSTRACT Corn husks are the major wastes of corn industries with meagre economic significance. The present study was planned for value addition of corn husk through extraction of xylan, followed by its enzymatic hydrolysis into xylooligosaccharides, a pentose based prebiotic. Compositional analysis of corn husks revealed neutral detergent fibre 68.87%, acid detergent fibre 31.48%, hemicelluloses 37.39%, cellulose 29.07% and crude protein 2.68%. Irrespective of the extraction conditions, sodium hydroxide was found to be more effective in maximizing the yield of xylan from corn husks than potassium hydroxide (84% vs. 66%). Application of xylanase over the xylan of corn husks resulted into production of xylooligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization namely, xylobiose and xylotriose in addition to xylose monomer. On the basis of response surface model analysis, the maximum yield of xylobiose (1.9 mg/ml) was achieved with the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of pH 5.8, temperature 44°C, enzyme dose 5.7U/ml and hydrolysis time of 17.5h. Therefore, the corn husks could be used as raw material for xylan extraction vis a vis its translation into prebiotic xylooligosaccharides