Development of a Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes chronic respiratory disease in chickens and is also highly pathogenic in turkeys. Several live attenuated M. gallisepticum vaccines are available for prevention of disease in chickens but they are considered to be either not safe or not efficacious in turkeys. The studies presented here aimed to develop a suitable infection model in turkeys, a prerequisite for development of a vaccine against M. gallisepticum for turkeys. Two wild-type Australian M. gallisepticum strains, Ap3AS and 100809/31, were used and their capacity to induce lesions was evaluated in 5-week-old to 6-week-old turkeys exposed to aerosols of these strains. Gross air sac lesion scores in the group exposed to Ap3AS were significantly greater than those in the group exposed to 100809/31 (P < 0.05). Histological tracheal lesion scores and tracheal mucosal thicknesses were significantly greater in birds exposed to either strain than in the unexposed birds (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between the two infected groups. In a subsequent experiment, 6-week-old to 7-week-old turkeys were exposed to different doses of M. gallisepticum Ap3AS. Serology and M. gallisepticum re-isolation performed 14 days after infection showed that all birds exposed to Ap3AS were positive by rapid serum agglutination and by culture. Gross air sac lesion scores in the groups exposed to the highest dose, 8.17 × 108colour-changing units Ap3AS/ml, as well as a 10-fold lower dose were significantly more severe than in the uninfected control group. Lesion scores and tracheal mucosal thicknesses were significantly greater in birds exposed to Ap3AS than in the unexposed birds (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were seen in tracheal mucosal thicknesses or lesion scores between the groups exposed to the different doses of Ap3AS. This study has established a reliable challenge model for M. gallisepticum infection in turkeys, which will be useful for evaluation of potential M. gallisepticum vaccine candidates for this species

Tentativas de inhibicion de la sintesis de enterotoxina estafilocóccica por penicilina y estreptomicina

Se realizaron tentativas de inhibir la producción de las enterotoxinas estafilocóccicas por las cepas ATCC 13565, ATCC 14458, S 6 y S 100 con los antibióticos penicilina y estreptomicina. Los resultados obtenidos parecen demonstrar que la penicilina no impide la formación de proteínas enterotóxicas, siendo que por otro lado la estreptomicina a partir de la dosis de 500 myg por ml de medio impide en casi todas las cepas la producción de enterotoxinas. Con la dosis de 1000 myg/ml no se pudo demonstrar presencia de enterotoxina en ninguno de los cultivos realizados con las diversas cepas. Se indican las posibles explicaciones para estos resultados.<br>An attempt to inhibit Staphyloccoci enterotoxin production of strains ATCC 13565, ATCC 14458, S6 and S100 was made with penicillin and streptomycin. Results suggest that penicillin does not prevent enterotoxic protein synthesis, while streptomycin, in doses of 500 mug/ml prevent it in almost all strains. With doses of 1.000 mug/ml the presence of enterotoxin was not detected in any of the strains under study. Possible explanations for such results are suggested in this paper

Genomic Profiling for Clinical Decision Making in Lymphoid Neoplasms.

With the introduction of large-scale molecular profiling methods and high-throughput sequencing technologies, the genomic features of most lymphoid neoplasms have been characterized at an unprecedented scale. While the principles for the classification and diagnosis of these disorders, founded on a multidimensional definition of disease entities, have been consolidated over the past 25 years, novel genomic data have markedly enhanced our understanding of lymphomagenesis and enriched the description of disease entities at the molecular level. Yet the current diagnosis of lymphoid tumors is largely based on morphological assessment and immunophenotyping, with only few entities being defined by genomic criteria. This paper, which accompanies the International Consensus Classification of mature lymphoid neoplasms, will address how established assays and newly developed technologies for molecular testing already complement clinical diagnoses and provide a novel lens on disease classification. More specifically, their contributions to diagnosis refinement, risk stratification and therapy prediction will be considered for the main categories of lymphoid neoplasms. The potential of whole-genome sequencing, circulating tumor DNA analyses, single-cell analyses and epigenetic profiling will be discussed, as these will likely become important future tools for implementing precision medicine approaches in clinical decision-making for patients with lymphoid malignancies