La supplication, discours et représentations

La supplication est un discours risqué. Acte de langage de « la dernière chance », elle tente d'inverser un rapport de force, ne serait-ce que ponctuellement. On songe aux demandes de grâce, à toutes sortes de placets, aux supplications amoureuses. Et fondamentalement, la supplication dérange, elle a un caractère potentiellement importun et menaçant, puisqu'elle place l'interlocuteur devant la nécessité de répondre. Elle représente souvent une expérience limite pour les interlocuteurs comme pour les spectateurs. Avec le suppliant, entre sur la scène un spectre inquiétant : celui de l'infortune et du malheur, de la souffrance dont nul ne voudrait se tenir responsable – mais aussi la possibilité d'un autre système de valeurs. Elle représente en effet l'appel direct possible à une justice que le suppliant espère envers et contre tout. Son geste même la postule, même s'il ne l'argumente pas explicitement. Cette espérance (qui va du plus concret au plus eschatologique) fait toute la force de la supplication, et pousse celui qui n'a (plus) rien à parler aux puissants. Cette tension vers la justice peut participer à la constitution du présupposé pragmatique, au principe de son ethos : c'est justement l'absolue faiblesse qui autorise le pauvre à parler. Inversement, le supplié étant un puissant, se prête à ce rôle, dans la mesure où il entre dans la scénographie où l'attire le suppliant. Le travail sur le rapport de force suppose donc de subtils réglages en même temps qu'une extraordinaire ouverture à l'inédit du cœur humain. Qu'il soit écouté et exaucé ou non, le discours de la supplication se prête par excellence à une analyse des actes de langage qui puisse mettre en évidence l'articulation entre les mots (acte locutoire), l'acte (illocutoire) et les effets de la parole (perlocutoire). L'échec ou la réussite dépendent autant du cœur du supplié que de la pertinence des mots, de l'adaptation paradoxale aux circonstances sociales, juridiques, politiques, institutionnelles avec ses valeurs mais aussi du climat émotionnel où elle se risque. Acte de langage exceptionnel, la supplication se prête ainsi à des études rhétoriques, pragmatiques, mais aussi à une réflexion sur l'esthétique et la dramaturgie. Son intérêt est de couvrir toute la gamme d'élaboration du discours, de l'immédiate requête, à la parole ritualisée et au discours rhétorique le plus construit. Autant de questionnements que soulèvent les vingt-cinq contributions de l'ouvrage que l'on se propose de lire, en offrant au lecteur un parcours vaste et passionnant allant de l'Antiquité grecque à l'époque contemporaine

Supersymmetry and localization

We study conditions under which an odd symmetry of the integrand leads to localization of the corresponding integral over a (super)manifold. We also show that in many cases these conditions guarantee exactness of the stationary phase approximation of such integrals.Comment: 16 pages, LATE

Quantization and holomorphic anomaly

We study wave functions of B-model on a Calabi-Yau threefold in various polarizations.Comment: 15 page

Prevention and treatment of bronchopneumonia in mice caused by mouse-adapted variant of avian H5N2 influenza A virus using monoclonal antibody against conserved epitope in the HA stem region.

The effects of monoclonal antibody (MAb) C179 recognizing a conformational epitope in the middle of the hemagglutinine (HA) stem region were examined in a mouse model in the experiments of prevention and treatment of lethal bronchopneumonia caused by influenza A virus of H5 subtype. To model the lethal infection, avian nonpathogenic strain A/mallard duck/Pennsylvania/ 10218/84 (H5N2) was adapted to mice. This resulted in highly pathogenic pneumovirulent mouse-adapted (MA) variant, which was characterized.

Evolution of community structure in the world trade web

In this note we study the bilateral merchandise trade flows between 186 countries over the 1948-2005 period using data from the International Monetary Fund. We use Pajek to identify network structure and behavior across thresholds and over time. In particular, we focus on the evolution of trade "islands" in the a world trade network in which countries are linked with directed edges weighted according to fraction of total dollars sent from one country to another. We find mixed evidence for globalization.Comment: To be submitted to APFA 6 Proceedings, 8 pages, 3 Figure

Ambivalence and transnational intergenerational solidarity: the perspective of highly educated Portuguese women emigrant daughters

peer reviewedExisting literature has highlighted solidarity across generations as a crucial mechanism for transfers and maintaining cohesion within families. However, researching solidarity across generations among transnational families is still an underexplored area, especially from the viewpoint of highly skilled female migrants. This study explored the way highly educated Portuguese adult daughters, living transnationally, perceive the existing solidarity ties with their parents, in times of transition, such as during the process of migration. By using a cluster analysis approach to explore the statistical associations between ambivalence and intergenerational solidarity dimensions, this study provides insight into the migrant solidarity types incorporating the role of ambivalence in forging a typology of transnational intergenerational relationships. The sample comprised 248 daughters who volunteered to provide information in an online survey. Participants gave their full consent to partake in this study, and this study was approved by the ethical committee of the authors’ institution. Measures of intergenerational solidarity dimensions, perceived ambivalence, sociocultural adaptation, acculturation, and social well-being in the destination country were included in the survey. Model-based cluster analysis resulted in three clusters: low ambivalence with strong cohesion, autonomous with affection and low ambivalence, and ambivalent functional ties with low affection. These clusters differed significantly in terms of intergenerational solidarity dimensions, perceived ambivalence, and in several other measures addressed. Perceived high parent-daughter ambivalent ties were associated with high levels of functional contacts and financial exchange. That pattern was also associated with lower levels of affection and consensus, being most frequently found in older daughters, mostly when single, economically inactive, or unemployed. Low perceived ambivalent parent-daughter ties were the most frequently found (around 80%), with two different types of intergenerational relationships being revealed, namely the low ambivalence with strong cohesion type and the autonomous with affection and low ambivalence type. Half (50%) of the daughters that perceived low parent-daughter ambivalent ties have associated the highest intergenerational solidarity, being, in general, better adapted to the migration context and slightly younger on average. The other half, less well acculturated, living abroad for longer, in countries with stronger welfare state systems and less reliance on families as providers of care, are more associated with an autonomous relationship type with low solidarity, but high affection. These results suggest that there might be a spillover effect: those who fare well in the country of migration, have better relations with their families at home—either being very interdependent or very independent, but always with good affective quality and low ambivalence.3. Good health and well-bein

Carfilzomib-Dexamethasone Versus Bortezomib-Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma : Updated Overall Survival, Safety, and Subgroups

Introduction: The phase III RandomizEd, OpeN Label, Phase 3 Study of Carfilzomib Plus DExamethAsone Vs Bortezomib Plus DexamethasOne in Patients With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma (ENDEAVOR) trial showed significantly improved progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) with carfilzomib (56 mg/m) and dexamethasone (Kd56) versus bortezomib and Kd56 (Vd) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We report updated OS and safety data after 6 months of additional follow-up. Patients and Methods: Patients with RRMM (1-3 previous lines of therapy) were randomized 1:1 to Kd56 or Vd. Median OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method; OS was compared between treatment groups using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: As of July 19, 2017, median follow-up was 44.3 months for Kd56 and 43.7 months for Vd. Median OS was 47.8 months (Kd56) versus 38.8 months (Vd; hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.633-0.915). OS was longer with Kd56 versus Vd within age and cytogenetic subgroups, and according to number of previous lines of therapy, previous bortezomib exposure, previous lenalidomide exposure, and lenalidomide-refractory status. Exposure-adjusted incidences per 100 patient-years of adverse events (AEs) were 1352.07 for Kd56 and 1754.86 for Vd; for Grade ≥3 AEs, these values were 162.31 and 175.90. Conclusion: With median follow-up of approximately 44 months, clinically meaningful improvements in OS were observed with Kd56 versus Vd, including in all subgroups examined. The Kd56 safety profile was consistent with previous analyses. In this updated analysis of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) from the RandomizEd, OpeN Label, Phase 3 Study of Carfilzomib Plus DExamethAsone Vs Bortezomib Plus DexamethasOne in Patients With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma (ENDEAVOR) trial, clinically meaningful overall survival improvements continue to be observed with carfilzomib 56 mg/m and dexamethasone (Kd56; n = 464) versus bortezomib and dexamethasone (n = 465), including in key patient subgroups. With longer-term data, the favorable benefit-risk profile of Kd56 continues to support its use as a standard-of-care in RRMM