Comparison of laser and power bleaching techniques in tooth color change

Laser-assisted bleaching uses laser beam to accelerate release of free radicals within the bleaching gel to decrease time of whitening procedure. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of power bleaching using Opalescence Xtra Boost® and laser bleaching technique using LaserSmile gel and diode laser as an activator in their tooth whitening capacity. Student t test showed that the laser bleaching group significantly outperformed the power bleaching group in changing ?E (p=0.977). Similarly, while comparing the groups in changing ?L, the laser bleaching group indicated significantly superior results (p=0.953). Statistical data from student t test while comparing the groups in changing the parameter of yellowness indicated that samples in laser bleaching group underwent a more significant reduction than power-bleached samples (p=0.85). Correspondingly, changes in whiteness were statistically tested through student t test, showing that laser bleaching technique increased whiteness of the samples significantly more than those treated by power bleaching (p=0.965). The digital color evaluation data was in accordance with spectrophotometry and showed that laser bleaching outperformed power bleaching technique. Both techniques were able to increase whiteness and decrease yellowness ratio of the samples. ?E decrease for laser bleaching and power bleaching groups were 3.05 and 1.67, respectively. Tooth color change in laser bleaching group was 1.88 times more than that of power bleaching group (p<0.001). It could be concluded that under the conditions of this study, both laser-assisted and power bleaching techniques were capable of altering tooth color change, but laser bleaching was deemed a more efficient technique in this regard

Low loss, tightly coilable, hollow core photonic bandgap fibers for mid-IR applications

We describe low loss (50dB/km at 3.3µm) and low bend sensitivity mid-IR hollow core-photonic bandgap fiber. Gas sensing applications are highlighted by a methane spectrum recorded in our fiber

Hollow core photonic bandgap fibers for mid-IR applications

We review our fabrication of low loss (50dB/km at 3.3µm) and low bend sensitivity HC-PBGFs for mid-IR operation. Gas sensing applications are highlighted by a high resolution methane spectrum recorded in 1.26m of gas-filled fibe

Gambaran sitologi squamous cell carcinoma pada kucing

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SSC) merupakan tumor malignant yang berkembang dari epitelium skuamus. Kucing merupakan hewan yang memiliki potensi terkena SSC, utamanya pada kucing yang sering keluar rumah dan terpapar sinar ultraviolet. Tulisan ini melaporkan kasus SSC pada kucing mixed breed yang ditemukan di area persawahan. Pemeriksaan fisik menunjukan kucing dalam kondisi anoreksia, dehidrasi, malnutrisi, alopecia, hiperkeratosis, terdapat massa multifokal (2-5cm) bersifat erosif dan ulseratif pada bagian thorax dan abdomen. Peneguhan diagnosa dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan ulas jaringan (sitologi) menggunakan tehnik pewarnaan Giemsa. Hasil dari sitologi menunjukkan karakteristik dari SSC yaitu adanya asynchronous sel dengan maturasi nukleus dan sitoplasma tidak seimbang. Sitoplasma sel terdapat vakuola-vakuola kecil dan bulat mengelilingi nukleus, serta terdapat sel-sel radang yang didominasi neutrofil dan limfosit, binukleus sel, anisositosis dan anisokarioasis. Sel berinti banyak dengan ukuran bervariasiSquamous Cell Carcinoma (SSC) merupakan tumor malignant yang berkembang dari epitelium skuamus. Kucing merupakan hewan yang memiliki potensi terkena SSC, utamanya pada kucing yang sering keluar rumah dan terpapar sinar ultraviolet. Tulisan ini melaporkan kasus SSC pada kucing mixed breed yang ditemukan di area persawahan. Pemeriksaan fisik menunjukan kucing dalam kondisi anoreksia, dehidrasi, malnutrisi, alopecia, hiperkeratosis, terdapat massa multifokal (2-5cm) bersifat erosif dan ulseratif pada bagian thorax dan abdomen. Peneguhan diagnosa dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan ulas jaringan (sitologi) menggunakan tehnik pewarnaan Giemsa. Hasil dari sitologi menunjukkan karakteristik dari SSC yaitu adanya asynchronous sel dengan maturasi nukleus dan sitoplasma tidak seimbang. Sitoplasma sel terdapat vakuola-vakuola kecil dan bulat mengelilingi nukleus, serta terdapat sel-sel radang yang didominasi neutrofil dan limfosit, binukleus sel, anisositosis dan anisokarioasis. Sel berinti banyak dengan ukuran bervarias

Which behavioural and exercise interventions targeting fatigue show the most promise in multiple sclerosis? A systematic review with narrative synthesis and meta-analysis

Fatigue is a common and highly debilitating symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). This meta-analytic systematic review with detailed narrative synthesis examined randomised-controlled (RCTs) and controlled trials of behavioural and exercise interventions targeting fatigue in adults with MS to assess which treatments offer the most promise in reducing fatigue severity/impact. Medline, EMBASE and PsycInfo electronic databases, amongst others, were searched through to August 2018. Thirty-four trials (12 exercise, 16 behavioural and 6 combined; n = 2,434 participants) met inclusion criteria. Data from 31 studies (n = 1,991 participants) contributed to the meta-analysis. Risk of bias (using the Cochrane tool) and study quality (GRADE) were assessed. The pooled (SMD) end-of-treatment effects on self-reported fatigue were: exercise interventions (n = 13) -.84 (95% CI -1.20 to -.47); behavioural interventions (n = 16) -.37 (95% CI -.53 to -.22); combined interventions (n = 5) -.16 (95% CI: -.36 to .04). Heterogeneity was high overall. Study quality was very low for exercise interventions and moderate for behavioural and combined interventions. Considering health care professional time, subgroup results suggest web-based cognitive behavioural therapy for fatigue, balance and/or multicomponent exercise interventions may be the cost-efficient therapies. These need testing in large RCTs with long-term follow-up to help define an implementable fatigue management pathway in MS.MS Society, U

Extended chiral algebras and the emergence of SU(2) quantum numbers in the Coulomb gas

We study a set of chiral symmetries contained in degenerate operators beyond the `minimal' sector of the c(p,q) models. For the operators h_{(2j+2)q-1,1}=h_{1,(2j+2)p-1} at conformal weight [ (j+1)p-1 ][ (j+1)q -1 ], for every 2j \in N, we find 2j+1 chiral operators which have quantum numbers of a spin j representation of SU(2). We give a free-field construction of these operators which makes this structure explicit and allows their OPEs to be calculated directly without any use of screening charges. The first non-trivial chiral field in this series, at j=1/2, is a fermionic or para-fermionic doublet. The three chiral bosonic fields, at j=1, generate a closed W-algebra and we calculate the vacuum character of these triplet models.Comment: 23 pages Late

Survey on white spot virus infection in wild shrimps and crabs in Bushehr province coastal waters

After severe mortality due to white spot disease incidence in cultured shrimps of Helleh grows out farms, disease spread to Delvar,Mond, Boeyrat and Bandar Rig sites in Bushehr province during 2005. Many crustaceans keep this virus in the body, act as a carrier, and can spread of the infection. In order to investigate status of contamination of wild shrimp and crab's population to white spot virus in Bushehr province waters (north of Persian Gulf), samples were collected and tested by Nested PCR for detection of WSV from estuaries and input and output channels water around the Helleh, Shif and Mond sites during 2007 and 2008. Total tested shrimps were 401 peaces, includes green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) 220 pieces, white shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) 181 pieces, also total tested crabs were 292 pieces includes Ocypode rotundata 68 pieces and Portunus pelagicus 224 pieces. All the samples showed negative results of WSV contamination. However, it can never be sure that the population is free from WSV unless we collect a random sample of 300 pieces from each species and test them individually for WSV. Therefore, we will be confident up to 95% that the wild sources in that area have no prevalence of 1% or upper WSV contamination

Personalized peptide-based vaccination for treatment of colorectal cancer: rational and progress

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally and is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. A large proportion of patients with early stage CRC who undergo conventional treatments develop local recurrence or distant metastasis and in this group of advanced disease, the survival rate is low. Furthermore there is often a poor response and/or toxicity associated with chemotherapy and chemo-resistance may limit continuing conventional treatment alone. Choosing novel and targeted therapeutic approaches based on clinicopathological and molecular features of tumors in combination with conventional therapeutic approach could be used to eradicate residual micrometastasis and therefore improve patient prognosis and also be used preventively. Peptide-based vaccination therapy is one class of cancer treatment that could be used to induce tumor-specific immune responses, through the recognition of specific antigen-derived peptides in tumor cells, and this has emerged as a promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. The aim of this review was to summarize the main findings of recent studies in exciting field of peptide-based vaccination therapy in CRC patients as a novel therapeutic approach in treatment of CRC