Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia in an aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery: Report of a case

We herein report a rare case of an intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia in an aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery. The patient was a 67-year-old Japanese female. She noticed a throbbing swelling in her left forehead, which had gradually been increasing in size. She had no previous history of head trauma. The ultrasound and three-dimensional computed tomography angiography revealed an aneurysm with a mural thrombus measuring 10mm in diameter fed by the frontal branch of the left superficial temporal artery. The aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery was dissected from the surrounding tissues, and was resected after ligation of feeding vessels. A microscopic examination revealed papillary endothelial hyperplasia in a true aneurysm. Non-traumatic aneurysms of the superficial temporal artery are quite rare. In the previous English literature, there have only been a few reports of papillary endothelial hyperplasia in an artery, and none in an aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery

Pharmacological immunomodulation enhances peripheral nerve regeneration Imunomodulação farmacológica aumenta a regeneração de nervos periféricos

To assess the effect of N-Acetylmuramyl-L-Alanyl-D-Isoglutamine MDP topically administrated on the regenerating peripheral neurons, twelve male C57BL/6J adult mice were equally distributed into three groups. Four mice underwent unilateral sciatic nerve transection and polyethylene tubulization, with a 4mm gap between the proximal and distal nerve stumps and were implanted with collagen + PBS (COL). Other four animals underwent the same surgical procedure but received collagen + MDP (COL/MDP) inside the prosthesis. Four animals were not operated and served as control group (NOR). After 4 weeks, the regenerated nerve cables were processed for total myelinated axon counting and myelinated fiber diameter measurement. The L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was also removed and sectioned for sensory neurons counting and measurement. The results revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in axonal counting among the groups NOR (4,355±32), COL (1,869±289) and COL/MDP (2,430±223). There was a significant reduction in the axonal diameter in the operated groups (COL=3.38µm±1.16 and COL/MDP=3.54µm±1.16) compared to NOR (6.19µm±2.45). No difference was found in the number of DRG neurons between the experimental groups (COL=564±51; COL/MDP=514±56), which presented fewer sensory neurons compared to NOR (1,097±142). Data obtained indicate that locally applied MDP stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration in mice.<br>Para avaliar o efeito do NAcetilmuramil- L-Alanil-D-Isoglutamina administrado topicamente em neurônios periféricos em regeneração, doze camundongos C57BL/6J machos adultos foram igualmente separados em três grupos. Quatro animais sofreram transecção unilateral do nervo ciático que foi ancorado no interior de um tubo de polietileno, mantendo-se 4 mm de distância entre as extremidades dos nervos e receberam colágeno + PBS (COL) dentro do tubo. Outros quatro animais sofreram o mesmo procedimento cirúrgico, porém receberam colágeno + MDP (COL/MDP) no interior da prótese. Quatro animais não foram operados e serviram como controle de normalidade (NOR). Após quatro semanas, os cabos de regeneração foram coletados para determinação do número de axônios mielínicos e da mêdia do diâmetro das fibras mielínicas regeneradas. O gânglio da raiz dorsal L5 também foi coletado para contagem e mensuração dos neurônios sensitivos. Os resultados revelaram diferença significativa no número de axônios entre os grupos NOR (4355±32), COL (1869±289) e COL/MDP (2430±223). Houve redução significativa no diâmetro das fibras mielínicas nos grupos que receberam as próteses tubulares (COL=3,38µm±1,16 e COL/ MDP=3,54µm±1,16) quando comparados ao grupo NOR (6,19µm±2,45). O número de neurônios não diferiu entre os grupos experimentais (COL=564±51 e COL/MDP=514±56), os quais apresentaram menor número de neurônios sensitivos em relação ao grupo não operado (NOR=1097±142). Os dados obtidos indicam que a aplicação local do MDP estimula a regeneração de nervos em camundongos