3,949 research outputs found
Exploring ocean acidification in undergraduate chemistry workshops
BACKGROUND
Ocean acidification (OA) has profound impacts on marine ecosystems, particularly the Great Barrier Reef. While many studies investigate students’ understanding of climate change, there is a paucity of research on OA (Aubrecht, 2018; Danielson & Tanner, 2015). Literature suggests effective climate change education is affect-driven and personally relevant (Rousell & Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, 2020; Monroe et al., 2019).
AIMS
This study aims to investigate how to develop students’ understanding of and concern about OA.
DESCRIPTION OF INTERVENTION
Three first-year undergraduate chemistry workshops were designed with different pedagogical approaches. The Community of Inquiry workshop engaged students in philosophical discussion about the scientific, ethical, and social complexities of OA. In the Socioscientific Issues workshop students debated how we should respond to OA. The control workshop aligned with current practices and involved students solving chemistry problems within the context of OA.
DESIGN AND METHODS
The interventions were implemented in Semester 1 2022. A quasi-experimental design was used, students self-selected their workshop. Mixed-methods evaluation involved collection of pre- and post-test data and audio recording students’ group discussions during workshops. These data are undergoing statistical and thematic analysis, informed by literature.
CONCLUSIONS
Insights from this project will inform development of an OA inquiry-based learning opportunity that builds students’ knowledge and fosters care for the environment.
REFERENCES
Aubrecht, K. B. (2018). Teaching relevant climate change topics in undergraduate chemistry courses: Motivations, student misconceptions, and resources. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 13, 44-49.
Danielson, K. I., & Tanner, K. D. (2015). Investigating undergraduate science students’ conceptions and misconceptions of ocean acidification. CBE–Life Sciences 14(3), ar29.
Monroe, M. C., Plate, R. R., Oxarart, A., Bowers, A. & Chaves, W. A. (2019). Identifying effective climate change education strategies: A systematic review of the research. Environmental Education Research, 25(6), 791-812.
Rousell, D. & Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, A. (2020). A systematic review of climate change education: Giving children and young people a ‘voice’ and a ‘hand’ in redressing climate change. Children's Geographies, 18(2), 191-208
Tailoring Single and Multiphoton Probabilities of a Single Photon On-Demand Source
As typically implemented, single photon sources cannot be made to produce
single photons with high probability, while simultaneously suppressing the
probability of yielding two or more photons. Because of this, single photon
sources cannot really produce single photons on demand. We describe a
multiplexed system that allows the probabilities of producing one and more
photons to be adjusted independently, enabling a much better approximation of a
source of single photons on demand.Comment: 4 pages, LaTex, 2 figures, twocolumn and RevTex Style for PR
Structure, Transport and Magnetic properties in LaSrCoRuO
The perovskite solid solutions of the type
LaSrCoRuO with 0.25 x
0.75 have been investigated for their structural, magnetic and transport
properties. All the compounds crystallize in double perovskite structure. The
magnetization measurements indicate a complex magnetic ground state with strong
competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions.
Resistivity of the compounds is in confirmation with hopping conduction
behaviour though differences are noted especially for = 0.4 and 0.6. Most
importantly, low field (50Oe) magnetization measurements display negative
magnetization during the zero field cooled cycle. X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy measurements indicate presence of Co/Co and
Ru/Ru redox couples in all compositions except = 0.5.
Presence of magnetic ions like Ru and Co gives rise to additional
ferromagnetic (Ru-rich) and antiferromagnetic sublattices and also explains the
observed negative magnetization.Comment: Accepted for publication in J. Magn. Magn. Mate
Integrated CO2 capture-fixation chemistry via interfacial ionic liquid catalyst in laminar gas/liquid flow
Simultaneous capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and its utilization with subsequent work-up would significantly enhance the competitiveness of CO2-based sustainable chemistry over petroleum-based chemistry. Here we report an interfacial catalytic reaction platform for an integrated autonomous process of simultaneously capturing/fixing CO2 in gas-liquid laminar flow with subsequently providing a work-up step. The continuous-flow microreactor has built-in silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with immobilized ionic liquid catalysts on tips of cone-shaped nanowire bundles. Because of the superamphiphobic SiNWs, a stable gas-liquid interface maintains between liquid flow of organoamines in upper part and gas flow of CO2 in bottom part of channel. The intimate and direct contact of the binary reagents leads to enhanced mass transfer and facilitating reactions. The autonomous integrated platform produces and isolates 2-oxazolidinones and quinazolines-2,4(1H,3H)-diones with 81-97% yields under mild conditions. The platform would enable direct CO2 utilization to produce high-valued specialty chemicals from flue gases without pre-separation and work-up steps. ? 2017 The Author(s).1115Ysciescopu
Paraxial propagation of a quantum charge in a random magnetic field
The paraxial (parabolic) theory of a near forward scattering of a quantum
charged particle by a static magnetic field is presented. From the paraxial
solution to the Aharonov-Bohm scattering problem the transverse transfered
momentum (the Lorentz force) is found. Multiple magnetic scattering is
considered for two models: (i) Gaussian -correlated random magnetic
field; (ii) a random array of the Aharonov-Bohm magnetic flux line. The
paraxial gauge-invariant two-particle Green function averaged with respect to
the random field is found by an exact evaluation of the Feynman integral. It is
shown that in spite of the anomalous character of the forward scattering, the
transport properties can be described by the Boltzmann equation. The Landau
quantization in the field of the Aharonov-Bohm lines is discussed.Comment: Figures and references added. Many typos corrected. RevTex, 25 pages,
9 figure
Reversible magnetization of MgB2 single crystals with a two-gap nature
We present reversible magnetization measurements on MgB2 single crystals in
magnetic fields up to 2.5 T applied parallel to the crystal's c-axis. This
magnetization is analyzed in terms of the Hao-Clem model, and various
superconducting parameters, such as the critical fields [Hc(0) and Hc2(0)], the
characteristic lengths [xi(0) and lambda(0)], and the Ginzburg-Landau
parameter, kappa, are derived. The temperature dependence of the magnetic
penetration depth, lambda(T), obtained from the Hao-Clem analysis could not be
explained by theories assuming a single gap. Our data are well described by
using a two-gap model.Comment: 20 pages, 1 table, 4 figures, will be published in Phys. Rev.
Astrophysical S-factor of the Be(B reaction from Coulomb dissociation of B
The Coulomb dissociation method to obtain the astrophysical S-factor,
, for the Be(B reaction at solar energies is
investigated by analysing the recently measured data on the breakup reaction
PbB,BePb at 46.5 MeV/A beam energy. Breakup cross
sections corresponding to E1, and transitions are calculated with a
theory of Coulomb excitation that includes the effects of the Coulomb recoil as
well as relativistic retardation. The interplay of nuclear and Coulomb
contributions to the breakup process is studied by performing a full quantum
mechanical calculation within the framework of the distorted-wave Born
Approximation. In the kinematical regime of the present experiment, both
nuclear as well as Coulomb-nuclear interference processes affect the pure
Coulomb breakup cross sections very marginally. The cross sections are
strongly dependent on the model used to describe the structure of B. The
value of is deduced with and without and contributions
added to the cross sections and the results are discussed.Comment: 10 pages, with 4 figures included with psfig; Physics Letters B, in
pres
Phase diagrams of spin ladders with ferromagnetic legs
The low-temperature properties of the spin S=1/2 ladder with anisotropic
ferromagnetic legs are studied using the continuum limit bosonization approach.
The weak-coupling ground state phase diagram of the model is obtained for a
wide range of coupling constants and several unconventional gapless
''spin-liquid'' phases are shown to exist for ferromagnetic coupling. The
behavior of the ladder system in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic instability
point is discussed in detail.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Experimental Implementation of Projective Measurement in Bell Basis
A scheme for direct projection of a quantum state on Bell states is
described. The method is based on constructing an average Hamiltonian with Bell
eigenstates and then, projecting the state on these eigenstates. The projection
is performed by adding the results of a direct and time-reversed evolution.
Experimental demonstration is shown for pairs of dipolar-coupled nuclear spins.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, submitte
Holographic principle in the BDL brane cosmology
We study the holographic principle in the brane cosmology. Especially we
describe how to accommodate the 5D anti de Sitter Schwarzschild (AdSS)
black hole in the Binetruy-Deffayet-Langlois (BDL) approach of brane cosmology.
It is easy to make a connection between a mass of the AdSS black hole
and a conformal field theory (CFT)-radiation dominated universe on the brane in
the moving domain wall approach. But this is not established in the BDL
approach. In this case we use two parameters in the Friedmann
equation. These arise from integration and are really related to the choice of
initial bulk matter. If one chooses a bulk energy density to account
for a mass of the AdSS black hole and the static fifth dimension, a
CFT-radiation term with comes out from the bulk
matter without introducing a localized matter distribution on the brane. This
means that the holographic principle can be established in the BDL brane
cosmology.Comment: 9 pages, a version to appear in PR
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