358 research outputs found
Low cost freshwater fish pickle using cheap citrus fruit (C. reticulata)
The juice extracted from a locally abundant cheap variety of citrus fruit namely, Citrus reticulata was utilized for pickling. The paper highlights the trials made to select the optimum concentrations of acetic acid and sodium chloride to be used along with the juice of C. reticulata so as to obtain the best, product. The product can be stored well at room temperature for six months
On the ice-storage characteristics of Catla catla and Labeo fimbriatus
The ice-storage characteristics of Catla catla and Labeo fimbriatus are reported. Muscle pH, moisture, total volatile nitrogen, alpha amino nitrogen and peroxide value and also the changes in total bacterial count are studied. C. catla and L. fimbriatus both could be stored in ice for 18 days
Nonlinear Effects and Multisolitons in Metamaterials
AbstractIn this paper, we outline a novel class of materials, called metamaterials, with negative refractive index and a high degree of nonlinearity. A brief summary is given on the basic theory of optics to show how this condition arrives for metamaterials to be designed into an antenna with split-ring-resonator (SRR). An example is given on the modeling of such SRR-based metamaterials. On a continuum Hamiltonian, a Klein-Gordon equation was derived which gave rise to both dark and bright solitons that showed interesting behavior against nondimensional time, even to the extent of revealing bi- and tri-breathers
Design and Simulation of Extended Interaction Cavities for a Ka band Multi beam Klystron
This article reports about the design approach, electromagnetic simulation and analysis results of high-frequency ladder-type input, output, and intermediate RF cavaties for Ka-band multi-beam extended interaction klystron. Several parameters of the cavity, such as quality factor, shunt impedance, etc., have been investigated by the assistance of electromagnetic software CST microwave studio
Optical Limiting in Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Suspensions
Optical limiting behaviour of suspensions of single-walled carbon nanotubes
in water, ethanol and ethylene glycol is reported. Experiments with 532 nm, 15
nsec duration laser pulses show that optical limiting occurs mainly due to
nonlinear scattering. The observed host liquid dependence of optical limiting
in different suspensions suggests that the scattering originates from
microbubbles formed due to absorption-induced heating.Comment: 10 pages, 5 eps figures, to appear in Chem. Phys. Let
Clustering Nominal and Numerical Data: A New Distance Concept for a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
As intrinsic structures, like the number of clusters, is, for real data, a major issue of the clustering problem, we propose, in this paper, CHyGA (Clustering Hybrid Genetic Algorithm) an hybrid genetic algorithm for clustering. CHyGA treats the clustering problem as an optimization problem and searches for an optimal number of clusters characterized by an optimal distribution of instances into the clusters. CHyGA introduces a new representation of solutions and uses dedicated operators, such as one iteration of K-means as a mutation operator. In order to deal with nominal data, we propose a new definition of the cluster center concept and demonstrate its properties. Experimental results on classical benchmarks are given
Asymmetric quantum telecloning of d-level systems and broadcasting of entanglement to different locations using the "many-to-many" communication protocol
We propose a generalization of quantum teleportation: the so-called
many-to-many quantum communication of the information of a d-level system from
N spatially separated senders to M>N receivers situated at different locations.
We extend the concept of asymmetric telecloning from qubits to d-dimensional
systems. We investigate the broadcasting of entanglement by using local 1->2
optimal universal asymmetric Pauli machines and show that the maximal
fidelities of the two final entangled states are obtained when symmetric
machines are applied. Cloning of entanglement is studied using a nonlocal
optimal universal asymmetric cloning machine and we show that the symmetric
machine optimally copies the entanglement. The "many-to-many" teleportation
scheme is applied in order to distribute entanglement shared between two
observers to two pairs of spatially separated observers.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur
CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-Cpf1 mediated targeting of a stomatal developmental gene EPFL9 in rice
KEY MESSAGE: CRISPR-Cas9/Cpf1 system with its unique gene targeting efficiency, could be an important tool for functional study of early developmental genes through the generation of successful knockout plants.
The introduction and utilization of systems biology approaches have identified several genes that are involved in early development of a plant and with such knowledge a robust tool is required for the functional validation of putative candidate genes thus obtained. The development of the CRISPR-Cas9/Cpf1 genome editing system has provided a convenient tool for creating loss of function mutants for genes of interest. The present study utilized CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR-Cpf1 technology to knock out an early developmental gene EPFL9 (Epidermal Patterning Factor like-9, a positive regulator of stomatal development in Arabidopsis) orthologue in rice. Germ-line mutants that were generated showed edits that were carried forward into the T2 generation when Cas9-free homozygous mutants were obtained. The homozygous mutant plants showed more than an eightfold reduction in stomatal density on the abaxial leaf surface of the edited rice plants. Potential off-target analysis showed no significant off-target effects. This study also utilized the CRISPR-LbCpf1 (Lachnospiracae bacterium Cpf1) to target the same OsEPFL9 gene to test the activity of this class-2 CRISPR system in rice and found that Cpf1 is also capable of genome editing and edits get transmitted through generations with similar phenotypic changes seen with CRISPR-Cas9. This study demonstrates the application of CRISPR-Cas9/Cpf1 to precisely target genomic locations and develop transgene-free homozygous heritable gene edits and confirms that the loss of function analysis of the candidate genes emerging from different systems biology based approaches, could be performed, and therefore, this system adds value in the validation of gene function studies
Closer vein spacing by ectopic expression of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins in rice leaves
Key message
Elevated expression of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins led to closer vein spacing and higher vein density in rice leaves.
Abstract
To feed the growing global population and mitigate the negative effects of climate change, there is a need to improve the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency of major crops such as rice to enhance grain yield potential. Alterations in internal leaf morphology and cellular architecture are needed to underpin some of these improvements. One of the targets is to generate a “Kranz-like” anatomy in leaves that includes decreased interveinal spacing close to that in C4 plant species. As C4 photosynthesis has evolved from C3 photosynthesis independently in multiple lineages, the genes required to facilitate C4 may already be present in the rice genome. The Taiwan Rice Insertional Mutants (TRIM) population offers the advantage of gain-of-function phenotype trapping, which accelerates the identification of rice gene function. In the present study, we screened the TRIM population to determine the extent to which genetic plasticity can alter vein density (VD) in rice. Close vein spacing mutant 1 (CVS1), identified from a VD screening of approximately 17,000 TRIM lines, conferred heritable high leaf VD. Increased vein number in CVS1 was confirmed to be associated with activated expression of two nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins. Overexpression of the two NB-LRR genes individually in rice recapitulates the high VD phenotype, due mainly to reduced interveinal mesophyll cell (M cell) number, length, bulliform cell size and thus interveinal distance. Our studies demonstrate that the trait of high VD in rice can be achieved by elevated expression of NB-LRR proteins limited to no yield penalty
Theoretical study of lepton events in the atmospheric neutrino experiments at SuperK
Super-Kamiokande has reported the results for the lepton events in the
atmospheric neutrino experiment. These results have been presented for a 22.5kT
water fiducial mass on an exposure of 1489 days, and the events are divided
into sub-GeV, multi-GeV and PC events. We present a study of nuclear medium
effects in the sub-GeV energy region of atmospheric neutrino events for the
quasielastic scattering, incoherent and coherent pion production processes, as
they give the most dominant contribution to the lepton events in this energy
region. We have used the atmospheric neutrino flux given by Honda et al. These
calculations have been done in the local density approximation. We take into
account the effect of Pauli blocking, Fermi motion, Coulomb effect,
renormalization of weak transition strengths in the nuclear medium in the case
of the quasielastic reactions. The inelastic reactions leading to production of
leptons along with pions is calculated in a - dominance model by
taking into account the renormalization of properties in the nuclear
medium and the final state interaction effects of the outgoing pions with the
residual nucleus. We present the results for the lepton events obtained in our
model with and without nuclear medium effects, and compare them with the Monte
Carlo predictions used in the simulation and the experimentally observed events
reported by the Super-Kamiokande collaboration.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figure
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