4 research outputs found
Emission of carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons and particulate matter during wood combustion in a stove operating under distinct conditions
Wood combustion experiments were carried out to determine the effect of ignition technique, biomass load and
cleavage, as well as secondary air supply, on carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbon (THC), particulate matter
(PM10) and particle number emissions fromawoodstove.Wood fromtwo typical tree species in the Iberian Peninsula
was selected: pine (Pinus pinaster) and beech (Fagus sylvatica). The highest CO and total hydrocarbon
emission factors (EFs) were observed, respectively, for pine and beech, for high and low fuel loads. The highest
PM10 EFwas recorded for the operationwith lowloads for bothwoods. Secondary air supply produced the lowest
PM10 emission factors. The top ignition can decrease the PM10 EF to less than halfwhen compared with the common
technique of lighting from the bottom. The lowest particle number emission factors were observed when
operating with high loads of split beech logs and when using secondary air supply during the combustion of
pine. Regarding particle number distributions, the highest geometric mean diameter (Dg), for both woods,
were observed when operating with high loads (with split and non-split wood)
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Energetic particle influence on the Earth's atmosphere
This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere/mesosphere through the stratosphere and troposphere, to the surface. The paper summarizes the different sources and energies of particles, principally
galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), solar energetic particles (SEPs) and energetic electron precipitation (EEP). All the proposed mechanisms by which EPP can affect the atmosphere
are discussed, including chemical changes in the upper atmosphere and lower thermosphere, chemistry-dynamics feedbacks, the global electric circuit and cloud formation. The role of energetic particles in Earthâs atmosphere is a multi-disciplinary problem that requires expertise from a range of scientific backgrounds. To assist with this synergy, summary tables are provided, which are intended to evaluate the level of current knowledge of the effects of energetic particles on processes in the entire atmosphere