9 research outputs found
The role of the predatory mite Anystis baccarum in Bramley apple orchards
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN039126 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Ecological benefits of Anystis baccarum in an orchard ecosystem and the need for its conservation
Integrated pest management programs are very important in the control
of invertebrate pests within apple orchards. Many current integrated
pest management strategies concentrate on specialist predatory species.
However, generalist beneficial insects, such as several mite species,
must also be fully researched for their potential in controlling pests.
Previous research has shown that the generalist predatory mite Anystis
baccarum (Linnaeus) can offer much potential in controlling
invertebrate pests within Northern Irish apple orchards. However, apple
growers have been mis-identifying this beneficial species as the
economic pest European fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi
(Koch). As a result, unnecessary pesticide applications have been
applied against what has now been confirmed as a beneficial species. To
aid apple growers in the identification of A. baccarum, identification
cards were produced. Positive uptake of the cards by many apple growers
has resulted in correct identification of A. baccarum from P. ulmi, and
therefore, a reduction in chemical pesticide applications. The benefits
of A. baccarum within orchard ecosystems is discussed
Migration monitoring of blackcurrant gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis) Westw. from buds to leaves on several blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars
The blackcurrant gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis) is the most important pest of blackcurrant crops. Over recent years withdrawal from plant protection programmes of chemical products (endosulfan and amitraz) used for the control of this pest in Poland, has led to an observed increase in population numbers. In 2013, fenpiroxymate (Ortus 05 SC) became registered for control of this pest. It is deemed best that chemical protection should be used during the migration period; when big gall mites emerge from buds in search of new buds. The studies were carried out in a plantation of blackcurrants during 2011-2013. The assessment of migration of the blackcurrant gall mite was carried out on the cultivars‘Ben Hope’, ‘Ben Alde’r, ‘Ojeby’n and ‘Ruben’. Every year, from selected cultivars buds were collected. They were then placed on blackcurrant leaves within Petri dishes. After one, three and five days of placing buds on the leaves, the estimated number of eriophyid mites on the leaves was calculated. The data has shown a very useful method for monitoring blackcurrant gall mite, which can be used in calculating the treatment dates for this pest. Also, the data has shown that differences in the periods of migration of the mite are dependent on the cultivar and time of flowering. Among the cultivars observed the least susceptible to colonization by the blackcurrant gall mite was a Polish cultivar ‘Ruben’, while the most susceptible cultivar was ‘Ben Hope’
Environmental evaluation of alternative chemicals to methyl bromide for fumigation of quarantine pests in transit
The majority of recent quarantine schedules have relied on methyl
bromide fumigation. However, due to the phase-out of this fumigant in
January 2005 alternative treatments are needed. Four alternative
chemical fumigants were tested for their potential to replace methyl
bromide as a control agent for Bemisia tabaci , Liriomyza huidobrensis
and Frankliniella occidentalis . Phosphine at 2 g/m3 gave promising
results at 15 °C with complete mortality of all insects after 24 h
exposure. Sulphuryl fluoride, ethyl formate and acetaldehyde caused
severe damage to plant foliage after only 4 h exposure. However,
sulphuryl fluoride produced 100 % mortality of L. huidobrensis pupae
after only 2 h exposure. In a large scale test using phosphine 2 g/m3
at 15 °C complete mortality of L. huidobrensis eggs and pupae was
recorded after a 24 h exposure. However, only 98.5 and 86 % mortality
of B. tabaci eggs and F. occidentalis eggs, respectively, was recorded
after this treatment. Treatments with phosphine produced no significant
detrimental effects on subsequent plant growth. The potential of these
chemicals to act as alternatives to methyl bromide as quarantine
fumigants is discussed