Oil pollution in the southeastern Baltic Sea by satellite remote sensing data in 2004-2015

The results of satellite monitoring of oil pollution in the Southeastern Baltic Sea in 2004-2015 are discussed in the paper. Interannual and seasonal variability of oil pollution is investigated. A steady decrease in total oil pollution was observed from 2004 to 2011. After a sharp increase of oil pollution in 2012, oil pollution level has established at 0.39 PI Index. Maximum of oil spills is observed in the spring and summer, which is probably due to favorable weather conditions for the detection of oil spills on radar images. According to the analysis of the shapes of the detected oil spills, it was concluded that the main polluters of the sea surface are vessels. No oil spills originated from the oil platform D-6 was detected in 2004-2015. Results of numerical experiments with the Seatrack Web oil spill model show that in the case of potential discharge of oil from the D-6 platform, oil will not reach the Curonian Spit beaches during 48 h after an accident

Oil pollution of the southeastern Baltic Sea by satellite remote sensing data and in-situ measurements

Results of operational satellite monitoring of oil pollution of the sea surface together with in-situ measurements of the oil products concentration in the water column for the first time allowed to establish relation between the surface pollution originated from ships, and the general characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of oil products in the water column in the Southeastern Baltic Sea. Areas with heightened concentrations of oil products in the surface and bottom layers were determined for the study area. The main directions of the contamination propagation are agreed with the main direction of annual mean transport of substances in the Gdansk Basin

OCEANIC CURRENTS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN OACIFIC OCEAN AS REVEALED BY SATELLITE ALTIMETRY DATA

Ten-days sea level anomalies (SLA) charts, based on the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) altimetry data for 1992-2003, as well as corresponding charts of sea surface dynamic heights (constructed by the superposition of SLA distributions over the climatic dynamic topography calculated from mean temperature and salinity data of WOA-1998 Atlas relative to 1000 m depth), were used to study main oceanic currents in the region 45-20°S, 110-70°W. Totally 377 T/P cycles for the period between 23 September 1992 and 25 February 2003 have been used for the analysis. Spatial and seasonal variability of the South Pacific Current has been investigated basing on the charts of dynamic heights gradients. The analysis allowed to distinguish zones with different degree of the current position variability, being minimal at 99°W where the current is most intense. Westward of 105°W the South Pacific Current may have bimodal structure and r.m.s. of its position may reach 3° of latitude. This is accompanied by a pronounced 35 T/P cycles peak (350 days) in its temporal variability. Eastward of 105°W there is no predominance in temporal variability of the curren

The Caspian Sea and Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay

The Caspian Sea and its Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay play an important role in different branches of the economy of Turkmenistan. Turkmen shores of the Caspian Sea have a big potential as a national and international resort area which is developing quickly. The Caspian Sea water (after desalination) is an immense source of potable and technical water for the country, living in the desert conditions. This chapter describes the main geological, physical, chemical, biological, and climatic characteristics of this largest enclosed water body in the world. Special attention is given to the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay, which is located in the territory of Turkmenistan and during a century played a key role in the chemical industry of the Turkmen Soviet Republic and today in Turkmenistan. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

Satellite Monitoring Systems for Shipping and Offshore Oil and Gas Industry in the Baltic Sea

Shipping activities, oil production and transport in the sea, oil handled in harbors, construction and exploitation of offshore oil and gas pipelines have a number of negative impacts on the marine environment and coastal zone of the seas. In 2004-2014 we elaborated several operational satellite monitoring systems for oil and gas companies in Russia and performed integrated satellite monitoring of the ecological state of coastal waters in the Baltic, Black, Caspian, and Kara seas, which included observation of oil pollution, suspended matter, and algae bloom at a fully operational mode. These monitoring systems differ from the existing ones by the analysis of a wide spectrum of satellite, meteorological and oceanographic data, as well as by a numerical modeling of oil spill transformation and transport in real weather conditions. Our experience in the Baltic Sea includes: (1) integrated satellite monitoring of oil production at the LUKOIL-KMN Ltd. D-6 oil rig in the Southeastern Baltic Sea (Kravtsovskoe oil field) in 2004-2014; (2) integrated satellite monitoring of the “Nord Stream” underwater gas pipeline construction and exploitation in the Gulf of Finland (2010-2013); (3) numerical modeling of risks of oil pollution caused by shipping along the main maritime shipping routes in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Proper, and in the Southeastern Baltic Sea; (4) numerical modeling of risks of oil pollution caused by oil production at D-6 oil rig and oil transportation on shore via the connecting underwater oil pipeline

On river plumes along the Turkish coast of the black sea

Heavy rains have become a serious problem for the coastal zone of the Krasnodar Territory of the Russian Federation and the Black Sea coast of Turkey. They lead to a significant increase in water levels in rivers, flooding of villages and even large cities, damage to urban and tourist infrastructure, roads and railways, bridges, beaches, flushing of garbage and sewage into rivers. This leads to environmental problems and even loss of life. River runoff forms river plumes in the coastal zone of the sea, which, depending on wind speed and direction, speed and direction of coastal currents, river runoff and density difference with sea water, can have various forms and spread in different directions from the mouth of the river, as well as participate in mesoscale and sub-mesoscale circulation of coastal waters. River plumes significantly affect the quality of sea water and the sanitary and epidemiological situation on the beaches of the resort area of Krasnodar Territory and Turkey. The situation is aggravated by the fact that sewage systems are in poor condition in cities or are completely absent in most of small villages along rivers and the coastal zone. After heavy rains, wastewater very often reaches the sea and poses a serious threat to human health. The purpose of this study is to use satellite remote sensing to demonstrate the behavior of river plumes along the Black Sea Turkish coast. © 2019.13/1251/2018 Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federationsupported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, and by the Fund of the National Technological Initiative dated December 11, 2018, No. 13/1251/2018