Use of controlled atmospheres to enhance essential oil fumigant toxicity against Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

The fumigant toxicity of selected essential oils was assessed against the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Adult females and larvae were exposed to combinations of essential oil doses and increased carbon dioxide and decreased oxygen levels. Application of such combinations were found to significantly increase the fumigant toxicity against thrips. An increase in exposure time also led to an increase in mortalities in both essential oil alone and combined treatments. These results indicate that by combining applications of the essential oils with e.g. moderately increased carbon dioxide levels (2 to 10%), it may be possible to achieve toxicity levels similar to those of standard chemical fumigant

Heeft de biologische glastuinbouw toekomst

Biologische glastuinbouw moet nog verder verbeteren. Onderzoekers, adviseurs en ondernemers hebben samengewerkt in het project 'de biologische kringloopkas'. De concepten die zijn ontwikkeld moeten nu door ondernemers verder worden opgepakt en uitgewerkt

Enhanced fumigant toxicity of p-cymene against Frankliniella occidentalis by simultaneous application of elevated levels of carbon dioxide

The fumigant toxicity of the essential oil component p-cymene was assessed against Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. F occidentalis adult females, first- and second-instar larvae and eggs were exposed for 2, 24 and 48h to combinations of three p-cymene doses and two carbon dioxide levels (ambient, 10%). Additional experiments were conducted on F occidentalis adult females with lower carbon dioxide levels (ambient, 2%, 4%, 6%) applied in combination with p-cymene. Combined applications of p-cymene and carbon dioxide were found to increase significantly the fumigant toxicity of p-cymene against both adult female and larval thrips, but not thrips eggs. An increase in exposure time also led to an increase in adult and larval mortalities in both the p-cymene alone and combined treatments. These results indicate that by combining applications of the essential oil component, p-cymene, with increased carbon dioxide, it may be possible to achieve toxicity levels similar to those of standard chemical fumigants. (C) 2001 Society of Chemical Industry

Enhanced fumigant toxicity of p-cymene against Frankliniella occidentalis by simultaneous application of elevated levels of carbon dioxide

The fumigant toxicity of the essential oil component p-cymene was assessed against Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. F occidentalis adult females, first- and second-instar larvae and eggs were exposed for 2, 24 and 48h to combinations of three p-cymene doses and two carbon dioxide levels (ambient, 10%). Additional experiments were conducted on F occidentalis adult females with lower carbon dioxide levels (ambient, 2%, 4%, 6%) applied in combination with p-cymene. Combined applications of p-cymene and carbon dioxide were found to increase significantly the fumigant toxicity of p-cymene against both adult female and larval thrips, but not thrips eggs. An increase in exposure time also led to an increase in adult and larval mortalities in both the p-cymene alone and combined treatments. These results indicate that by combining applications of the essential oil component, p-cymene, with increased carbon dioxide, it may be possible to achieve toxicity levels similar to those of standard chemical fumigants. (C) 2001 Society of Chemical Industry

Bispecific antibodies: a mechanistic review of the pipeline

The term bispecific antibody (bsAb) is used to describe a large family of molecules designed to recognize two different epitopes or antigens. BsAbs come in many formats, ranging from relatively small proteins, merely consisting of two linked antigen-binding fragments, to large immunoglobulin G (IgG)-like molecules with additional domains attached. An attractive bsAb feature is their potential for novel functionalities -that is, activities that do not exist in mixtures of the parental or reference antibodies. In these so-called obligate bsAbs, the physical linkage of the two binding specificities creates a dependency that can be temporal, with binding events occurring sequentially, or spatial, with binding events occurring simultaneously, such as in linking an effector to a target cell. To date, more than 20 different commercialized technology platforms are available for bsAb creation and development, 2 bsAbs are marketed and over 85 are in clinical development. Here, we review the current bsAb landscape from a mechanistic perspective, including a comprehensive overview of the pipeline

Use of controlled atmospheres to enhance essential oil fumigant toxicity against Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

The fumigant toxicity of selected essential oils was assessed against the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Adult females and larvae were exposed to combinations of essential oil doses and increased carbon dioxide and decreased oxygen levels. Application of such combinations were found to significantly increase the fumigant toxicity against thrips. An increase in exposure time also led to an increase in mortalities in both essential oil alone and combined treatments. These results indicate that by combining applications of the essential oils with e.g. moderately increased carbon dioxide levels (2 to 10%), it may be possible to achieve toxicity levels similar to those of standard chemical fumigant

Avaliação de Trichogramma spp. para o controle de Trichoplusia ni Evaluation of Trichogramma spp. for the control of Trichoplusia ni

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características biológicas dos parasitoides Trichogramma acacioi, T. atopovirilia, T. marandobai, T. demoraesi, T. exiguum (duas linhagens) e T. pretiosum (seis linhagens), criados em ovos de Trichoplusia ni. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 repetições. As características biológicas avaliadas foram: parasitismo, viabilidade, razão sexual e número de indivíduos por ovo. A percentagem de parasitismo variou entre 7,66 e 53%, com maior valor observado para a linhagem Tspd de Trichogramma pretiosum, e o menor para a linhagem Trecife de T. pretiosum. Não houve diferença significativa dessa espécie quanto à viabilidade, que ficou acima de 85%. A razão sexual variou de 0,75 a 1, e a linhagem Tspd apresentou o menor valor. O número de parasitoides por ovo variou entre 2,39 para T. marandobai (linhagem Tm1) e 1,34 para T. exiguum (linhagem Te1). A espécie que apresentou o melhor desempenho em laboratório foi T. pretiosum (Tspd), com os maiores valores observados na percentagem de parasitismo e na emergência.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological characteristics of the parasitoids Trichogramma acacioi, T. atopovirilia, T. marandobai, T. demoraesi, T. exiguum (two lines), and T. pretiosum (six lines), reared on eggs of Trichoplusia ni. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with 15 replicates. The biological characteristics evaluated were: parasitism, viability, sexual ratio and number of individuals per egg. The parasitism percentage varied between 7.66 and 53%, whith highest value observed for Trichogramma pretiosum Tspd line, and the lowest for the T. pretiosum Trecife line. There was no significant difference for the viability, which remained higher than 85%. The sex ratio varied from 0.75 to 1, and Tspd line showed the lowest value. The number of individuals per egg varied between 2.39 for T. marandobai (Tm1 line) and 1.34 for T. exiguum (Te1 line). T. pretiosum (Tspd line) was the species with the best performance in laboratory with the highest values observed in parasitism and in viability