Gase Faraday Rotation Near The Absorption Edge

We measured the optical dispersion of the interband Faraday rotation of GaSe near the absorption edge at the temperature of 298°K. From our data it is possible to confirm that a direct allowed electronic transition takes place between the valence and the conduction bands in GaSe. © 1980 American Institute of Physics.72105341534

Magneto-optical Constants Of Fluoride Optical Crystals And Other Ab2 And A2b Type Compounds

Measurements of the magneto-optical rotation at visible wavelengths for the optical crystals MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2 and PbF2 are reported. A pulsed magnetic field between 50 and 80 kG was used. The PbF2 crystal was shown to be a good choice for the construction of optical isolators operating in the near UV. From the data, the magneto-optic anomaly factor γ for each sample was calculated and magneto-optic constants reported in the literature for other compounds with the general formulae AB2 and A2B were compiled. The magneto-optic anomaly factors for these types of materials are analysed in terms of Pauling's electronegativity.921527532757Barnes, N.P., Petway, L.B., (1992) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys, 9, p. 1912Ling, H.Y., (1994) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 11, p. 754Munin, E., Villaverde, A.B., (1991) J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 3, p. 5099Guerrero, H., Escudero, J.L., Bernabeu, E., (1992) Opt. Lett., 17, p. 760Munin, E., Roversi, J.A., Villaverde, A.B., (1992) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 25, p. 1635Weber, M.J., (1986) Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 681, p. 75Wilson, D.K., (1991) Laser Focus World, 27, p. 175Schulz, P.A., (1989) Appl. Opt., 28, p. 4458Wunderlich, J.A., Deshazer, L.G., (1977) Appl. Opt., 16, p. 1584Gauthier, D.J., Narum, P., Boyd, R.W., (1986) Opt. Lett., 11, p. 623Villaverde, A.B., (1981) J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., 14, p. 1073Johnson Jr., T.F., Proffitt, W., (1980) IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 16, p. 483Schulz, P.A., (1988) IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 12, p. 1039Malecki, J., Surma, M., Gibalewickz, J., (1957) Acta Phys. Pol., 16, p. 151Deeter, M.N., Rose, A.H., Day, G.W., (1990) J. Lightwave Technol., 8, p. 1838Rose, A.H., Deeter, M.N., Day, G.W., (1993) Opt. Lett., 18, p. 1471Ning, Y.N., Jackson, D.A., (1993) Opt. Lett., 18, p. 835Pistoni, N.C., Martinelli, M., (1993) Opt. Lett., 18, p. 314Wanninger, P., Valdez, E.C., Shay, T.M., (1992) IEEE Photon Technol. Lett., 4, p. 94Munin, E., (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, p. 316Boswarva, I.M., Howard, R.E., Lidiard, A.B., (1962) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 269, p. 125Kolodziejczak, J., Lax, B., Nishina, Y., (1962) Phys. Rev., 128, p. 2655Balkanski, M., Amzallag, E., Langer, D., (1966) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 27, p. 299Ramaseshan, S., (1948) Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. A, 28, p. 360Darwin, C.G., Watson, W.H., (1927) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 114, p. 474Pauling, L., (1960) The Nature of the Chemical Bond, , Cornell University Press, New York, 3rd edn(1974) Hoya Faraday Rotator Glass Report, , Hoya Optics Inc., TokioIoshino, I., (1980) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 19, p. 7451Miles, P.A., Dodge, M.J., Ballard, S.S., Browder, J.S., Feldman, A., Weber, M.J., (1986) CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, 4, pp. 24-41. , ed. M. J. Weber, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FLGrevendonk, W., Van Den Abeele, L., Van Den Keybus, P., Vanhuyse, B., Ruymbeek, G., (1981) Phys. Stat. Solidi B, 108, pp. K53Baer, W.S., (1967) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 28, p. 677Cronemeyer, D.C., (1952) Phys. Rev., 87, p. 876Becquerel, M.H., (1897) Comptes Rendus, 125, p. 679Dynasil Synthetic Fused Silica Catalogue 302M, , Dynasil Corporation, Berlin, NJBalbin Villaverde, A., Donatti, D.A., (1979) J. Chem. Phys., 71, p. 4021Forsythe, W.E., (1969) Smithsonian Physics Tables, p. 530. , Washington, 9th ednIngersoll, L.R., Liebenberg, D.H., (1958) J. Opt. Soc. Am., 48, p. 339Fox, J.J., Tate, F.G.H., (1930) International Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics, Chemistry and Technology, 7, p. 01. , ed. E. W. Washburn, McGraw Hill, New York, 1st ednCook Jr., W.R., Jaffe, H., (1972) American Institute of Physics Handbook, p. 230. , ed., D. E. Gray, McGraw Hill, New York, 3rd edn., ch. 6Wells, A.F., (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, , Oxford University Press, Oxford, 5th ednCole, H., (1950) J. Soc. Glass Technol., 34, p. 22

Verdet Constant Of Liquids; Measurements With A Pulsed Magnetic Field

The dispersion of the Verdet constant of several inorganic and organic liquids was measured at room temperature with a pulsed magnetic field in the spectral range from 0.3471 μm up to 0.6943 μm. We also measured the Verdet constant, at the wavelength of 0.4579 μm and at room temperature, of the three binary systems methanol-water, ethanol-water, and acetic acid-water. We found that the Verdet constant of mixtures is not additive. The deviation from additivity is positive for the three systems. © 1979 American Institute of Physics.71104021402

Near Infrared Raman Spectroscopy To Detect The Calcification Of The Annular Mitral Valve

Cardiac valves are subjected to high repetitive mechanical stresses, particularly at the hinge points of the cusps and leaflets d ue to the over 40 millions cardiac cycles per year. These delicate structures can suffer cumulative lesions, complicated by the deposition of calcium phosphate mineral, which may lead to clinically important disease. Near Infrared Raman Spectroscopy gives important information about biological tissues composition and it is being used for diagnosis of some pathologies. The aim of this work was to detect trough the use of the Raman Spectroscopy technique the mitral annular calcification. A Ti:saphire laser operating at the near infrared wavelength of 785 nm was used for the excitation of the valve samples and the Raman radiation was detected by an optical spectrometer with a CCD liquid nitrogen cooled detector. In all, ten samples of normal and pathologic tissues were studied. They were approximately squared with the lateral size of 5 mm. It was observed that the Raman spectrum of the calcified mitral valve showed different behavior, when compared to normal tissues. Results indicate that this technique could be used to detect the deposition of the calcium phosphate mineral over the mitral valve.5622PART 16266Christensen, G., Cardiovascular and renal effects of atrial natriuretic factor (1993) Scand J. Clin Lab Invest, 53, pp. 203-207Peters, N.S., Cardiac arrhythmogenesis and the gap junction (1995) J Mol Cell Cardiol., 27, pp. 37-40Hanlon, E.B., Prospect for "in vivo" Raman spectroscopy (2000) Phys. Med. Biol., 45, pp. R1-59Lucas, A., Development of an avian model for restenosis (1996) Atherosclerosis, 119, pp. 17-41Sathaiah, S., Silveira Jr., L., Pasqualucci, C.A., Zangaro, R.A., Chavantes, M.C., Mtt, P., Correlated diagnosis of atherosclerosis with non-invasive Raman spectroscopy and pathological techniques (1996) International Laser Congress, p. 72. , GreeceSathaiah, S., Pasqualucci, C.A., Mtt, P., Application of near Infrared Raman spectroscopy for less invasive diagnosis of atherosclerosis (1997) Proc. International Conference on Lasers, 97. , U.S.AManoharan, R., UV resonance Raman spectroscopy for detection of colon cancer (1995) Lasers in Life Sci., 6, pp. 217-249Boustany, N.N., Analysis of normal and diseased colon mucosa using ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy (1996) Proceedings of SPIE, 2679, pp. 66-70. , Advances in Lasers and Light Spectroscopy to Diagnose Cancer and other Diseases III: Optical Biopsy, San Jose CAPilotto, S., Mtt, P., Silveira Jr., L., Balbin Villaverde, A., Zangaro, R.A., Analysis of near-infrared Raman Spectroscopy as a new technique for a transcutaneous non-invasive diagnosis of blood components (2001) Laser Med. Sci, 16, pp. 2-9Jianan, Y., Wilson, B.C., Suria, D., Concentration measurements of multiple analytes in human sera by near-infrared laser Raman spectroscopy (1999) Appl Opt, 38 (25), pp. 5491-5497Berger, A., Koo, T.W., Itzhan, I., Horowitz, G., Feld, M.S., Multicomponent blood analysis by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy (1999) Appl Opt, 38 (13), pp. 2916-2916Otero, E.U., Sathaiah, S., Silveira Jr., L., Pma, P., Cag, P., Raman spectroscopy for diagnosis of calcification in human heart valves (2004) Spectroscopy: An International Journal, 18 (1), pp. 75-84Stone, N., Near-infrared Raman Spectroscopy for classification of epithelial pre-cancers and cancers (2002) J. Raman Spectrosc, 33, pp. 564-57

Room-temperature Optical Absorption In Undoped α-al2o 3

Optical absorption over a large dynamic range obtained by two different experimental techniques is reported for an undoped α-Al2 O 3 single crystal. Absorption data are presented in two energy ranges: 0.94-3.5 eV and 4.5-8.6 eV. Vacuum ultraviolet (vuv) absorption measurements were performed on three boules of Czochralski-grown single-crystal Al 2 O3 with differing starting material purities. The initial powder purities were 99.99%, 99.999%, and 99.999999%. In addition to the vuv measurements, calorimetric absorption results obtained in the visible and near-infrared (ir) are presented. An empirical formula is obtained that provides an estimate of the absorption coefficient from the near-ir to the vuv for undoped Al2 O3. Detailed impurity analyses and sample histories are given for the optical-quality α-Al2 O3 utilized herein.67127542754

High Verdet Constant Ga:s:la:o Chalcogenide Glasses For Magneto-optical Devices

The magneto-optical rotation at room temperature was measured for three Ga:S:La:O chalcogenide glasses at several laser lines in the visible. The first sample was a binary system constituted by 70 mol % Ga2S3 and 30 mol % La2O3, whereas in the second and third ones the lanthanum oxide was partially substituted by lanthanum sulfide, keeping the amount of gallium sulfide fixed. A pulsed magnetic field between 50 and 80 kG was used for the Faraday rotation measurements. The Verdet constant for one of the ternary samples was found to be as high as 0.205 min G-1 cm-1 at 543 nm, indicating that these chalcogenide glasses are very promising for magneto-optical applications. The data for each sample were fitted using the expected analytical expression for the magneto-optical dispersion. Measurements of the refractive index of the glasses at 632.8 nm are also reported. Data on the magneto-optical properties of two high Verdet constant, heavy-metal oxide diamagnetic glasses are also included for comparison. © 1999 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers.382214219Schweizer, T., Hewark, D.W., Payne, D.N., Jensen, T., Huber, G., Rare-earth doped chalcogenide glass laser (1996) Electron. Lett., 32 (7), pp. 666-667Hewark, D.W., Samson, B.N., Medeiros Neto, J.A., Laming, R.I., Payne, D.N., Emission at 1.3 μm from dysprosium-doped GaLaS glass (1994) Electron. Lett., 30 (12), pp. 968-970Kumta, P.N., Risbud, S.H., Rare-earth chalcogenides - An emerging class of optical materials (1994) J. Mater. Sci., 29 (5), pp. 1135-1157De Araujo, M.T., Vermelho, M.V.D., Gouveia Neto, A.S., Sombra, A.S., Medeiros Neto, J.A., Efficient second harmonic generation in praseodymium doped Ga:La:S glass for 1.3 μm optical fiber amplifiers (1996) IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 8 (6), pp. 821-823Schulz, P.A., Wavelength independent Faraday isolator (1989) Appl. Opt., 28 (20), pp. 4458-4464Wunderlich, J.A., DeShazer, L.G., Visible optical isolator using ZnSe (1977) Appl. Opt., 16 (6), pp. 1584-1587Gauthier, D.J., Narum, P., Boyd, R.W., Simple, compact, high-performance permanent-magnet Faraday isolator (1986) Opt. Lett., 11 (10), pp. 623-625Malecki, J., Surma, M., Gibalewickz, J., Measurements of the intensity of transient magnetic fields by the Faraday effect (1957) Acta Phys. Pol., 16 (1-2), pp. 151-156Deeter, M.N., Rose, A.H., Day, G.W., Fast, sensitive magnetic field sensors based on the Faraday effect in YIG (1990) J. Lightwave Technol., 8 (12), pp. 1838-1842Rose, A.H., Deeter, M.N., Day, G.W., Submicroampere-perroot-hertz current sensor based on the Faraday effect in Ga:YIG (1993) Opt. Lett., 18 (17), pp. 1471-1473Ning, Y.N., Jackson, D.A., Faraday effect optical current clamp using a bulk-glass sensing element (1993) Opt. Lett., 18 (10), pp. 835-837Pistoni, N.C., Martinelli, M., Vibration-insensitive fiber-optic current sensor (1993) Opt. Lett., 18 (4), pp. 314-316Wilson, D.K., Optical isolators adapt to communication needs (1991) Laser Focus World, 27 (4), pp. 175-180Balbin Villaverde, A., Munin, E., Pedroso, C.B., Linear displacement sensor based on the magneto-optical Faraday effect (1998) Sens. Actuators A, 70, pp. 211-218Munin, E., Balbin Villaverde, A., Magneto-optical rotatory dispersion of some non-linear crystals (1991) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 3 (27), pp. 5099-5106Munin, E., Roversi, J.A., Balbin Villaverde, A., Faraday effect and energy gap in optical materials (1992) J. Phys. D, 25 (11), pp. 1635-1639Boswarva, I.M., Howard, R.E., Lidiard, A.B., Faraday effect in semiconductors (1962) Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 269, pp. 125-141Balkanski, M., Amzaliag, E., Langer, D., Interband Faraday rotation of II-IV compounds (1966) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 27, pp. 299-308Ramaseshan, S., Determination of the magneto-optic anomaly of some glasses (1946) Proc.-Indian Acad. Sci., Sect. A, 24, pp. 426-432Cole, H., Magneto-optic effects in glass I. Some preliminary observations on the application of magneto-optic properties to structural considerations (1950) J. Soc. Glass Technol., 34, pp. 220-237Sivaramakrishnan, V., Dispersion of Faraday rotation in some optical glasses (1957) J. Ind. Inst. Sci., A39, pp. 19-26Borrelli, N.F., Faraday rotation in glasses (1964) J. Chem. Phys., 41 (11), pp. 3289-3293Balbin Villaverde, A., Vasconcellos, E.C.C., Magnetooptical dispersion of HOYA glasses: AOT-5, AOT-44B and FR-5 (1982) Appl. Opt., 21 (8), pp. 1347-1348Borrelli, N.F., Dumbaugh, W.H., Electro- and magneto-optic effects in heavy metal oxide glasses (1987) Infrared Optical Materials and Fibers, Proc. SPIE, 843, pp. 6-9Pedroso, C.B., Munin, E., Balbin Villaverde, A., Aranha, N., Solano Reynoso, V.C., Barbosa, L.C., Magnetooptical rotation of heavy-metal oxide glasses (1998) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 271, pp. 134-142Petrovskii, G.T., Edelman, I.S., Zarubina, T.V., Malakhovskii, A.V., Zabluda, V.N., Ivanov, M.Yu., Faraday effect and spectral properties of high-concentrated rare earth oxide glasses in visible and near UV region (1991) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 130 (1), pp. 35-40Barnes, N.P., Petway, L.B., Variation of the Verdet constant with temperature of terbium gallium garnet (1992) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 9 (10), pp. 1912-1915Van Den Tempel, C.M.N., Model of a new temperature-compensated optical current sensor using Bi12SiO20 (1993) Appl. Opt., 32 (25), pp. 4869-4874Darwin, C.G., Watson, W.H., The constant of the magnetic dispersion of light (1927) Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 114, pp. 474-490Ramaseshan, S., The Faraday effect and magneto-optic anomaly of some cubic crystals (1948) Proc.-Indian Acad. Sci., Sect. A, 28, pp. 360-369Munin, E., Pedroso, C.B., Balbin Villaverde, A., Magneto-optical constants of fluoride optical crystals and other AB2 and A2B type compounds (1996) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 92 (15), pp. 2753-2757(1974) Hoya Faraday Rotator Glass Report, , Hoya Optics Inc., TokyoYoshino, T., Compact and highly efficient Faraday rotators using relatively low Verdet constant Faraday materials (1980) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 19 (4), pp. 745-749Jenkins, F.A., White, H.E., (1957) Fundamentals of Optics, 3rd Ed., p. 491. , McGraw-Hill, New Yor

A new classification of Cyperaceae (Poales) supported by phylogenomic data

Cyperaceae (sedges) are the third largest monocot family and are of considerable economic and ecological importance. Sedges represent an ideal model family to study evolutionary biology because of their species richness, global distribution, large discrepancies in lineage diversity, broad range of ecological preferences, and adaptations including multiple origins of C4 photosynthesis and holocentric chromosomes. Goetghebeur’s seminal work on Cyperaceae published in 1998 provided the most recent complete classification at tribal and generic level, based on a morphological study of Cyperaceae inflorescence, spikelet, flower and embryo characters plus anatomical and other information. Since then, several family‐level molecular phylogenetic studies using Sanger sequence data have been published. Here, more than 20 years after the last comprehensive classification of the family, we present the first family‐wide phylogenomic study of Cyperaceae based on targeted sequencing using the Angiosperms353 probe kit sampling 311 accessions. Additionally, 62 accessions available from GenBank were mined for overlapping reads and included in the phylogenomic analyses. Informed by this backbone phylogeny, a new classification for the family at the tribal, subtribal and generic levels is proposed. The majority of previously recognized suprageneric groups are supported, and for the first time we establish support for tribe Cryptangieae as a clade including the genus Koyamaea. We provide a taxonomic treatment including identification keys and diagnoses for the 2 subfamilies, 24 tribes and 10 subtribes and basic information on the 95 genera. The classification includes five new subtribes in tribe Schoeneae: Anthelepidinae, Caustiinae, Gymnoschoeninae, Lepidospermatinae and Oreobolinae. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Interband Faraday Rotation In Liquids: Band Parameter Determination

The band energy gap (Eg) and disorder parameter (z) as defined by Mort and Scher, have been determined for 11 liquids, using optical and magneto-optical dispersion data. It was found that the Kolodziejczak-Lax-Nishina, Boswarva-Howard-Lidiard and Mort-Scher formulae, currently used for describing the Faraday rotation in solids, can also be successfully extended to the liquid state. We obtained values of Eg, calculated by the method of Mort and Scher, from 5.45 eV for carbon disulfide up to 11.4 eV for methanol, and disorder parameters that range between 0.21 for benzene and 0.36 for methanol. These low values for z indicate that direct interband transitions are involved in the Faraday rotation of the liquids we studied. Good agreement was observed between the values of Eg calculated by the different methods.8891245124