Fragmentation processes of ionized 5-fluorouracil in the gas phase and within clusters

We have measured mass spectra for positive ions produced from neutral 5-fluorouracil by electron impact at energies from 0 to 100 eV. Fragment ion appearance energies of this (radio-)chemotherapy agent have been determined for the first time and we have identified several new fragment ions of low abundance. The main fragmentations are similar to uracil, involving HNCO loss and subsequent HCN loss, CO loss, or FCCO loss. The features adjacent to these prominent peaks in the mass spectra are attributed to tautomerization preceding the fragmentation and/or the loss of one or two additional hydrogen atoms. A few fragmentions are distinct for 5-fluorouracil compared to uracil, most notably the production of the reactive moiety CF+. Finally, multiphoton ionization mass spectra are compared for 5-fluorouracil from a laser thermal desorption source and from a supersonic expansion source. The detection of a new fragment ion at 114 u in the supersonic expansion experiments provides the first evidence for a clustering effect on the radiation response of 5-fluorouracil. By analogy with previous experiments and calculations on protonated uracil, this is assigned to NH3 loss from protonated 5-fluorouracil

Morphological and immunohistochemical peculiarities of oncomarkers in placental barrier

Histological and electron microscopy investigations in 47% cases showed disorders of microcirculation with haemorrage and excessive deposits of extravillous fi brinoid with presence of pycnosis and nucleus polymorphism. In 1st investigation group in I pregnancy trimester in placental barrier structures there were pronounced expression of proliferative marker (Ki-67), protein p53 and decrease of these markers in III trimester that is proved by indexes of proliferation and it is caused by regulating infl uence of these factors on the processes of growth, development, differentiation and cell death in placental barrier structures in pregnancy course. In 2nd group pronounced Ki-67 expression in noted in cytotrophoblast nuclei and less pronounced - in stromal cells and endothelium of vesels that is confi rmed by signifi cant increase of proliferative index. Expression of protein 53 was focal in nuclei of extravilleus trophoblast as compared with negative one in control group. It was noted that oncofetal antigen in 1st group showed trace reaction in cytotrophoblast in early terms of gestation (I trimester) and it was not determined in III trimester of pregnancy. In 2nd group in III trimester pronounced immunoreactivity of oncofetal antigen in cytoplasm of stroma cellular elements (Hofbauer cells, fi broblasts) was noted. Pronounced expression of fundamental marker of cell differentiation of cytokeratin in cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast in pregnancy course shows that differentiation processes in placental barrier take place before term labor

Combined vaccines in the national prevention immunization schedules for the children in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine

Еhe announcement of the east European expert group for vaccine prevention presents position of the leading specialists of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan on key issues of the national pre vention immunization schedule. the authors examine in detail the aspects of vaccination against hepatitis type b, including optimal term of injection of the first vaccine dose, vaccination tactics for the premature and low weight newborns, safety of recombinant vaccines against hepatitis type в. based on the analysis of the morbidity of h. influenzae type b invasive forms along with the methods recommended by who (HIB RAT), experts recommend introduction of the vaccine against this infection into the prevention immunization schedule. The experts believe the basis for the combined vaccines in pediatrics to be the vaccines with cellfree pertussis component. This class of vaccines allows introducing the additional booster dose of pertussis vaccines for immunization of the preschool children into the immunization schedule, which is dictated by the present epidemic situation with due account for this infection. The experts note the importance of application of the combined vaccines in pediatrics, whose wide implementation into healthcare system practices is in the interests of the parents, medical officers and society.Key words: hepatitis type в, h. influenzae type b, HIB RAT, pertussis, diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, poliovaccines, combined vaccines, prevention immunization schedule, children

Combined vaccines in the national prevention immunization schedules for the children in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine

Еhe announcement of the east European expert group for vaccine prevention presents position of the leading specialists of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan on key issues of the national pre vention immunization schedule. the authors examine in detail the aspects of vaccination against hepatitis type b, including optimal term of injection of the first vaccine dose, vaccination tactics for the premature and low weight newborns, safety of recombinant vaccines against hepatitis type в. based on the analysis of the morbidity of h. influenzae type b invasive forms along with the methods recommended by who (HIB RAT), experts recommend introduction of the vaccine against this infection into the prevention immunization schedule. The experts believe the basis for the combined vaccines in pediatrics to be the vaccines with cellfree pertussis component. This class of vaccines allows introducing the additional booster dose of pertussis vaccines for immunization of the preschool children into the immunization schedule, which is dictated by the present epidemic situation with due account for this infection. The experts note the importance of application of the combined vaccines in pediatrics, whose wide implementation into healthcare system practices is in the interests of the parents, medical officers and society.Key words: hepatitis type в, h. influenzae type b, HIB RAT, pertussis, diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, poliovaccines, combined vaccines, prevention immunization schedule, children

КОМБИНИРОВАННЫЕ ВАКЦИНЫ В НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ КАЛЕНДАРЯХ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКИХ ПРИВИВОК ДЛЯ ДЕТЕЙ В БЕЛАРУСИ, КАЗАХСТАНЕ, РОССИИ И УКРАИНЕ. ЗАЯВЛЕНИЕ ГРУППЫ ЭКСПЕРТОВ В ОБЛАСТИ ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ

Еhe announcement of the east European expert group for vaccine prevention presents position of the leading specialists of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan on key issues of the national pre vention immunization schedule. the authors examine in detail the aspects of vaccination against hepatitis type b, including optimal term of injection of the first vaccine dose, vaccination tactics for the premature and low weight newborns, safety of recombinant vaccines against hepatitis type в. based on the analysis of the morbidity of h. influenzae type b invasive forms along with the methods recommended by who (HIB RAT), experts recommend introduction of the vaccine against this infection into the prevention immunization schedule. The experts believe the basis for the combined vaccines in pediatrics to be the vaccines with cellfree pertussis component. This class of vaccines allows introducing the additional booster dose of pertussis vaccines for immunization of the preschool children into the immunization schedule, which is dictated by the present epidemic situation with due account for this infection. The experts note the importance of application of the combined vaccines in pediatrics, whose wide implementation into healthcare system practices is in the interests of the parents, medical officers and society.Key words: hepatitis type в, h. influenzae type b, HIB RAT, pertussis, diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, poliovaccines, combined vaccines, prevention immunization schedule, children.Заявление Восточно-Европейской экспертной группы по вакцинопрофилактике представляет позицию ведущих специалистов России, Беларуси, Украины и Казахстана по ключевым вопросам развития национальных календарей профилактических прививок. Подробно рассмотрены аспекты вакцинации против гепатита В, в том числе – оптимальный срок введения первой дозы вакцины, тактика вакцинации недоношенных и маловесных детей, безопасность рекомбинантных вакцин против гепатита В. На основании анализа заболеваемости инвазивными формами H. influenzae типа b с использованием методов, рекомендованных ВОЗ (Hib-RAT), эксперты рекомендуют введение вакцинации против этой инфекции в календари профилактических прививок. Основой комбинированных вакцин в педиатрии эксперты считают вакцины с бесклеточным коклюшным компонентом. Данный класс вакцин позволит ввести в календарь прививок дополнительную ревакцинирующую дозу коклюшной вакцины для иммунизации дошкольников, что диктуется настоящей эпидемической ситуацией по данной инфекции. Эксперты отмечают ценность применения комбинированных вакцин в педиатрии, широкое внедрение которых в практику здравоохранения отвечает интересам родителей, медицинских работников и общества в целом. Ключевые слова: гепатит В, H. influenzae типа B, Hib-RAT, коклюш, АКДС, полиовакцины, комбинированные вакцины, календарь профилактических прививок, дети.(Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2007; 4(1):6-18